Permanent Supportive Housing Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness (2018) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B The History of Homelessness in the United States
Appendix B The History of Homelessness in the United States
Pages 175-184
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From page 175... ...
The Industrial Revolution ushered in a shift from the individual living and surviving on farms or working in skilled trades to the wage-earning worker dependent upon wealthy employers. By the 1850s, lodging rooms for vagrants located in police stations served as the major shelter system, and most major cities reported increasing numbers of vagabonds (Kusmer, 2002)
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From page 176... ...
THE MODERN ERA OF HOMELESSNESS The early 1980s marked the emergence of what now may be considered the modern era of homelessness. Major forces that changed the complexion of homelessness in the modern era include gentrification of the inner city, deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill, high unemployment rate, the emergence of HIV/AIDS, an inadequate supply of affordable housing options, and deep budget cuts to the U.S.
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From page 177... ...
The authors noted that IV drug use was a common risk behavior for the homeless men when compared to the housed men. Further, "given the increasing number of AIDS cases among IV drug users and people of color in general," it was observed that intravenous drug use may be at least partly responsible for the higher number of AIDS cases in the population of individuals experiencing homelessness (Lebow et al., 1995, p.
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The authors note that the number of families who are episodic shelter users is relatively small. Long-term shelter users among families experiencing homelessness, in contrast to single adult shelter users, were not more likely to have high service needs or barriers to housing stability.
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From page 179... ...
mortgage program to finance suburban housing available only to whites helped to entrench poverty and segregation in America's cities, particularly for people of color. The Housing Act of 1954 continued and broadened slum clearance and urban redevelopment in inner cities.
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The "tenantbased" form of these rent subsidies, whereby families with a voucher choose and lease safe, decent, and affordable privately owned rental housing, is the mainstay of today's federal housing assistance programs for homeless and low-income individuals and families. The program serves more than 2.1 million households (Congressional Budget Office, 2015)
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From page 181... ...
The reauthorization consolidated several existing programs for individuals experiencing homelessness, created a federal goal that individuals and families experiencing homelessness be permanently housed within 30 days, and codified the planning processes used by communities to organize into Continuums of Care in order to apply for homeless assistance funding through HUD. 2 New definitions of "homeless," "homeless person," and "homeless individual" were expanded.
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From page 182... ...
1998. Patterns and Determinants of Public Shelter Utilization Among Homeless Adults in New York City and Philadelphia.
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From page 183... ...
2007a. Defining Chronic Homelessness: A Technical Guide for HUD Programs.
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From page 184... ...
1877. Papers on Out-Door Relief and Tramps, Read at the Saratoga Meeting of the American Social Science Association, before the Conference of State Charities.
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