Future Water Priorities for the Nation Directions for the U.S. Geological Survey Water Mission Area (2018) / Chapter Skim
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has a long-established reputation for collecting and delivering high-quality, unbiased scientific information related to the nation's water resources. Federal, state, and local agencies, the private sector, nongovernmental organizations, academia, and the public rely on WMA for information such as water quantity and quality and use this information for several purposes, ranging from rapid responses during emergencies such as hurricanes, floods, and forest fires to the long-term management of water resources.
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Geological Survey developed this consensus study report to inform WMA on the broad, complex, and interdisciplinary challenges facing water science and resources.1 Federal, state, and local agencies, nongovernmental organizations, industry, and other groups that work with WMA will also find this report to be of value. The committee identified the highest-priority water science and resources challenges over the next 25 years by consulting with a wide variety of experts from the federal, state, local, nongovernmental, and academic communities.
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• Developing integrated modeling: Models are essential tools for inte grating and synthesizing disparate observations, for understanding complex interactions and testing hypotheses, and for reconstruct ing past conditions and predicting future trajectories of co-evolving systems. • Quantifying change in the socio-hydrological system: Understand ing how human activities influence water resources is critical to managing these resources in the United States and globally.
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EMERGING AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES Over the next 25 years, new opportunities will emerge that will allow for observations that come from an array of sources, are more affordable, offer data from previously inaccessible locations, provide "fit-for-purpose" temporal and spatial resolution, and deliver measurements of new parameters. Associated with the wide adoption of those technologies is a need to develop systems (e.g., hardware, software, management frameworks, protocols)
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These recommendations provide a framework to help guide the evolution of WMA, so that USGS can effectively address the current and future water resources challenges that will face the nation over the next 25 years. Recommendations 1.1–5.1 are numbered to reflect their relevance to the five priority questions above (e.g., Recommendation 2.1 is associated with priority question 2: "How do human activities affect water quantity and quality?
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As part of the national effort to deliver water quantity and quality data and information, WMA should coordinate with other agencies and relevant organizations to co-develop accessible, open, and codi fied data formats, protocols, interoperability, and software tools. This will allow integration across data streams and encourage synthesis of multiple observations in order to detect trends, patterns, and changes in water quantity and quality.
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WMA should seek to understand how climate change, land-cover and land-use change, and other biophysical and socio-economic factors affect the nation's water resources, including water quantity and quality, extreme events, and other hydrologic haz ards. USGS should further develop integrative models that can help predict future hydrologic conditions under these changing climate con ditions.
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WMA should align its current and future workforce to meet critical strategic needs, specifically building capacity for improved water moni toring; coupled natural-human systems modeling; and data analysis, analytics, visualization, and delivery using reliable, accurate, robust, and innovative methods.
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