Alternatives for the Demilitarization of Conventional Munitions (2019) / Chapter Skim
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4 Review of Candidate Alternative Technologies
4 Review of Candidate Alternative Technologies
Pages 40-66
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From page 40... ...
• General Dynamics: Automated munitions demili The committee received briefings from PD Demil about tarization facility, Rotary Kiln Incinerator (RKI) , its organic capabilities, visited the Letterkenny Munitions rocket and missile motor segmentation and thermal Center in Pennsylvania to discuss equipment used in the treatment process, cluster grenade thermal treatment contained burning of rocket and missile motors, and submit process, nitrocellulose propellant thermal treatment ted extensive written data requests to PD Demil.
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From page 41... ...
or Several of the technologies described have dual capabilities in that they can perform the contained burning of 1 Munition size can refer to physical dimensions; larger size munitions munition energetics and propellants but also have explosive may require size reduction in order to be fed into a contained detonation containment capabilities; thus, they can function as con- or contained burn chamber. It can also refer to the explosive content of tained detonation chambers as well.
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From page 42... ...
• Water jet or slurry jet cutting for size reduction (at In such instances, the committee notes below that "informa Crane Army Ammunition Activity [CAAA] and at tion was not made available to the committee." Because Hawthorne Army Depot [HWAD]
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From page 43... ...
junction with the APE 1236, and a cryofracture unit is currently being used at the McAlester Army Ammunition Plant Waterjet and Slurry Jet Cutting for cooling and crushing submunitions removed from projectiles (DODIC D501/D502) prior to feeding the munition Waterjets are used both to access munitions by cutting fragments to an APE 1236 rotary kiln incinerator.
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From page 44... ...
Otherwise, one or more preprocessing steps will 9 "Abrasive Waterjet Cutting of Large Munitions." Briefing to commit tee members by Paul Miller, Gradient Technology, October 2017, p. 23: personnel safety.
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From page 45... ...
for a munition with energetic fill only; 2:1 for nology also has contained burn capabilities, it is discussed propellant fills; and 3:1 for smoke, riot agent or incendiary separately in the section "Contained Burn Chambers." fills." However, for the D-200 at CAAA, the NEW of the munition being treated was about three times the NEW of the donor charge,20 allowing a larger ratio of munition to Controlled Detonation Chamber (CDC) donor charge than the 1:1 ratio allowed by DDESB for the Te CDC originally applied "to replace OD operations for smaller CDC units.
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From page 46... ...
Personnel Safety Throughput Capacity Manual operation of the CDC includes routine munition preparation operations, placing initiating charges and initia- In terms of physical capacity, the EDS is capable of tors on the munitions, and mechanically moving munitions receiving projectiles up to 155 mm in size. However, its into the detonation chamber.
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From page 47... ...
Post-processing treatment for conventional chemical munitions that contain relatively small amounts of munitions consists of filtering the offgases and passing them explosives. Although the EDS has extensive capabilities for through a small diverging electrode plasma arc reactor havthe neutralization of chemical agents, this capability is not ing an arc temperature of 1,600°C to thermally treat (oxidize)
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From page 48... ...
Gases are usually filtered through high-efficiency filters to remove particulates and then ducted through wet or dry scrubbers, before being vented through Personnel Safety a conventional stack to the atmosphere. Because there is no Unless a robotic arm is used, operations for DAVINCH "controlled flame device" in the thermal treatment chamber, are manual, involving munition handling, placing initiating most CB facilities are permitted as RCRA Subpart X misexplosives and initiators on the munitions, and insertion of cellaneous treatment units rather than as incinerators.
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From page 49... ...
El Dorado Contained Burn Chambers Engineering has stated that these units are "highly scalable," A variety of CB thermal treatment units that use a burner with capacities ranging from 10 to as much as 50,000 lb per to demilitarize specific munitions in the stockpile have been burn cycle.28 Another technology provider stated that they developed by Army contractors. Three examples are: have the capability to process 670 ammonium perchlorate rocket and missile motors per week on a 24 hour per day, 7 1.
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From page 50... ...
emissions remained low. Stack testing confirmed emissions The CB system at Camp Minden used a vertical cylindri were well below permitted levels as indicated below: cal steel thermal treatment chamber.
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From page 51... ...
The final contract missile motor firing applications are as follows: for the Camp Minden CB system approved a payment of $27,369,485.33 1. Bechtel, Nevada, under the direction of United States Army Defense Ammunition Center & School, con tracted with El Dorado Engineering to design and Contained Firing of Rocket and Missile Motors fabricate a system to dispose of Shillelagh34 missile Static firing of rocket and missile motors is a form of motors at production rate and scale.
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From page 52... ...
long, 19 ft. diameter thermal treatment system specially designed pollution abatement system to chamber; a PAS; and an effluent waste handling system remove particulate and acid gases.
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From page 53... ...
as a magnesium chloride brine solution that testing has also Cost shown to be a nonhazardous waste.37 Design, construction, and installation costs were not provided to the committee. PD Demil states that operational Personnel Safety costs have not been established since the process is still in acceptance testing.39 Operators are required to prepare the rocket motors for firing in the chamber.
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From page 54... ...
The chamber is heated with electrical resistance elements to a temperature of Throughput Capacity The SDC located at the Anniston Army Depot (ANAD)
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From page 55... ...
Garrett, site project manager, ANCDF, PEO ACWA, "Anniston burns from exposure to hot metals and dust inhalation from Static Detonation Chamber Status," presentation to the committee, August 23, 2017. 42 Dynasafe Responses to committee questions, January 28, 2018 (letter 43 H
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From page 56... ...
DODIC # 30, 2017 Munition Processing Steps (munitions/hour) in SDC Cartridge, 60 mm HE M49A2/ B632 2,073.91 0.839 Direct feed.
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From page 57... ...
tion abatement system. Other thermal treatment technologies such as car bottom and flashing furnaces are described in the "Thermal Decontamination of Munitions Scrap" section of Cost this chapter.
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From page 58... ...
Hrycak, chief engineer, Office of the Product Director for Demilitarization, PEO AMMO, "Emerging Technolo gies Addressing Alternatives to Open Burn and Open Detonation," presentation to the committee, August 22, 2017. Personnel Safety projectiles up to 30 mm, grenades, bulk explosives, and propellants.
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From page 59... ...
for recovery and recycling. Personnel Safety The RKI uses automated equipment to process muniPersonnel Safety tions once they are in a state where they could be a hazard The EWI rotary kiln incinerator provides primary contain- to operating personnel.
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From page 60... ...
Personnel Safety Throughput Capacity U.S. Demil states that in the pilot scale demonstration The BEDS capacity is limited by permit conditions; in of the Decineration process at the Tooele Army Depot there the state of Nevada, where a BEDS unit was installed and were no high-order or safety stand down events.53 Other permitted, but is not currently in use, the total quantity of safety information is not available.
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From page 61... ...
mix would be 10 percent propellant and 90 percent water. NONINCINERATION ENERGETICS DESTRUCTION Throughput Capacity TECHNOLOGIES The throughput capacity of an iSCWO reactor would vary Energetic materials can be destroyed using any of several with the reactor size and feed.
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From page 62... ...
The system is currently inactive because the inventory of CADs and PADs has been depleted, but it is available for future use if needed. The operating costs were Cost $5,849,239, and the average cost was $3,411 per ton.61 Infor Costs per unit of material treated will depend on numer- mation about environmental impacts and personnel safety ous site-specific factors including the quantity of material aspects of this technology was not available.
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From page 63... ...
To date, it has been implemented as a component of several demilitarization Flashing Furnace/Contaminated Waste Processor efforts, including the on-site breaching and neutralization of recovered underwater munitions.62 Flashing furnaces (Figure 4.6) were originally designed to treat munition bodies contaminated with trace levels of energetics and were subsequently modified to thermally Throughput Capacity treat other materials (wood, clothing)
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From page 64... ...
Personnel Safety Materials are typically loaded via a forklift. Operators Throughput Capacity then leave the area, and all other operations are performed Flashing furnaces are a proven technology to treat small remotely from a control room.
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From page 65... ...
If reaction rates and throughput are both sufficiently jet cutting include the development of models to optimize high, photocatalytic treatment could be considered a more work piece surface quality relative to the cutting rate and jet environmentally friendly treatment strategy than chemical nozzle erosion rate. Implementation of such models could or thermal treatments.
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From page 66... ...
.pdf. • Size reduction DDESB (Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board)
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