The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response (2020) / Chapter Skim
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1 INTRODUCTION
1 INTRODUCTION
Pages 15-22
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From page 15... ...
Having a variety of response options available in the "tool kit" provides responders with alternatives in the face of operational limitations. Marine oil spill response methods include mechanical recovery of oil through skimmers and booms, in situ burning of oil, monitored natural attenuation of oil, and dispersion of oil by dispersants.
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From page 16... ...
. These advances in dispersant application technology provide the opportunity to respond to a spill before oil weathers to the point where most other response options become less effective.
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From page 17... ...
The Final Rule updated the requirements for spill response equipment associated with vessel response plans and marine transportation-related facility response plans. It provided additional requirements for new response technologies and modified response methods and procedures for marine and aquatic spills within the jurisdiction of the United States.
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From page 18... ...
Since the 2010 DWH spill response, the petroleum industry has invested significantly in the purchase of the most studied modern products (Dasic Slickgone NS, Finasol® OSR 52, Corexit® EC9500A) and their placement in strategic global locations to facilitate rapid response in an event where dispersants represent a viable response option (see Figure 1.1)
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From page 19... ...
TOOLS TO EVALUATE RESPONSE TRADE-OFFS AND STRATEGIES There are many perspectives and perceptions surrounding the impact that dispersants and dispersed oil have on the environment and on human health. The decision to use dispersants to prevent oil from reaching the surface or to transfer surface oil into the water column is often seen as a difficult decision which involves consideration and evaluation of trade-offs with other response options.
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From page 20... ...
In the late 1990s, a series of workshops conducted by the USCG further examined the trade-offs associated with multiple response options, including dispersants. In 2003, a multiyear rulemaking process commenced to enhance the oil spill contingency planning regulations.
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From page 21... ...
Next, Chapter 4 answers the fourth task by exploring the potential human health concerns associated with oil spill response and the use of dispersants, with a particular focus on occupational health, community psychosocial impact, and seafood safety. In Chapter 5, the committee partially responds to the sixth task and reviews the tools available and the information necessary for evaluating risk and making decisions regarding the use of dispersants and other response options.
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From page 22... ...
This will include characterization of the relative risks to wildlife health of untreated oil and chemically dispersed oil, taking into consideration exposure to volatile compounds, ingestion, and absorption of naturally versus chemically dispersed droplets; 3. Compare the benefits and limitations of dispersant application to the use of other clean-up methods (e.g., no-action, mechanical recovery, burning, and chemical herders in combination with burning)
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