Gulf War and Health Volume 11: Generational Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War (2018) / Chapter Skim
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8 Outcomes Toward Heritable Effects
8 Outcomes Toward Heritable Effects
Pages 397-408
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From page 397... ...
Mechanistic animal model studies provided additional data that were not available from the human studies. The associations identified by the committee in its review of the literature are provided in Table 8-1 for reproductive effects in men and women and adverse pregnancy outcomes and in Table 8-2 for developmental effects.
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From page 398... ...
398 GULF WAR AND HEALTH TABLE 8-1 Summary of Categories of Association for Reproductive Effects and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes* Categories of Association Toxicant Sufficient Limited/suggestive Inadequate/insufficient Deployment Reproductive effects in men or women; adverse pregnancy outcomes Sarin/cyclosarin Reproductive effects in men or women; adverse pregnancy outcomes Sulfur mustard Reproductive effects in Reproductive effects in women; men adverse pregnancy outcomes Leishmaniasis Adverse pregnancy Reproductive effects in men or outcomes women Anthrax vaccine Reproductive effects in men or women; adverse pregnancy outcomes Depleted uranium Reproductive effects in men or women; adverse pregnancy outcomes Pyridostigmine bromide Reproductive effects in men; adverse pregnancy outcomes Hexavalent chromium Reproductive effects Adverse pregnancy Reproductive effects in women in men outcomes Organophosphate Reproductive effects in Reproductive effects in women; pesticides men adverse pregnancy outcomes Carbamate pesticides Reproductive effects Reproductive effects in women; in men adverse pregnancy outcomes Pyrethroids Reproductive effects in Reproductive effects in women; men adverse pregnancy outcomes Lindane Reproductive effects in Reproductive effects in men; women adverse pregnancy outcomes DEET Reproductive effects in men or women; adverse pregnancy outcomes
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From page 399... ...
OUTCOMES TOWARD HERITABLE EFFECTS 399 TABLE 8-1 Continued Categories of Association Toxicant Sufficient Limited/suggestive Inadequate/insufficient Particulate matter Adverse pregnancy Pregnancy-induced Reproductive effects in men or outcomes hypertensive disorders women Polycyclic aromatic Reproductive effects in Reproductive effects in women hydrocarbons men; adverse pregnancy outcomes Polychlorinated Reproductive effects in men dibenzodioxins/furans or women; adverse pregnancy outcomes Exhaust Reproductive effects in men or women; adverse pregnancy outcomes Fuels Reproductive effects in men or women; adverse pregnancy outcomes Benzene Reproductive effects in Reproductive effects in women; men adverse pregnancy outcomes Toluene Reproductive effects in men or women; adverse pregnancy outcomes Xylenes Reproductive effects in men or women; adverse pregnancy outcomes Trichloroethylene Reproductive effects in Reproductive effects in women men; adverse pregnancy outcomes Tetrachloroethylene Reproductive effects in men or women; adverse pregnancy outcomes Glycols and glycol Reproductive effects in Reproductive effects in women; ethers men adverse pregnancy outcomes * There were no toxicants for which sufficient evidence of a causal association was found between exposure to that toxicant and reproductive effects, nor were there any toxicants for which there was limited/suggestive evidence of no association between exposure and reproductive effects.
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From page 400... ...
There were no toxicants for which sufficient evidence was found of a causal association between prenatal exposure to that toxicant and developmental effects, nor were there any toxicants for which there was limited/suggestive evidence of no association between prenatal exposure and developmental effects.
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From page 401... ...
Toxicants considered by the committee to have sufficient evidence of associations with developmental effects in children were limited to prenatal Cr6 exposure with structural defects and delayed sexual maturation, prenatal exposure to OP pesticides with neurodevelopmental effects, and prenatal benzene exposure with childhood leukemia. Conclusions of limited/suggestive evidence of associations with developmental effects were found for pyrethroid insecticide exposures and also TCE and tetrachloroethylene exposures, whereas congenital malformations were associated with glycols and glycol ethers.
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From page 402... ...
Developmental and Reproductive Effects Developmental effects were almost exclusively studied with prenatal exposures. Studies of preconception exposures are virtually nonexistent for all the toxicants reviewed in Chapters 4 through 7.
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From page 403... ...
The evidence demonstrates the potential risks to children posed by prenatal exposures to toxicants; however, as few female service members are pregnant while deployed in the theater of operation, the applicability of those conclusions to female veterans is unknown. For the few female veterans who were pregnant during deployment -- as far back as Vietnam and up to the Post-9/11 era -- there has been little follow-up of those pregnancies or of the children.
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From page 404... ...
. Although transgenerational effects are less certain in humans, some animal studies have found effects in second (F2)
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From page 405... ...
Although no human data directly describe the transgenerational effects of these exposures, there is evidence from intergenerational and transgenerational effects in animal studies that prenatal exposures, such as to BaP, can affect the development of reproductive organs and stem cells (EPA, 2017)
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From page 406... ...
2017. Associations between urinary biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and reproductive function during menstrual cycles in women.
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From page 407... ...
2012. Genetic and epigenetic variations in inducible nitric oxide synthase promoter, particulate pollution, and exhaled nitric oxide levels in children.
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