An Assessment of U.S.-Based Electron-Ion Collider Science (2018) / Chapter Skim
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3 Role of an EIC Within the Context of Nuclear Physics in the United States and Internationally
3 Role of an EIC Within the Context of Nuclear Physics in the United States and Internationally
Pages 45-52
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From page 45... ...
This chapter places an electron-ion collider (EIC) in the context of nuclear science, within the United States in particular, and describes the role of an EIC in maintaining U.S.
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From page 46... ...
QCD studies of proton and neutron structure as well as quark-gluon plasma constitute essential pillars of fundamental nuclear physics in the United States, alongside studies of the extremes of nuclear structure, neutrino physics, and fundamental symmetries in nature. As described in greater detail in Chapter 5, the quark-gluon structure of n ucleons and nuclei is being studied using electron scattering at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab)
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From page 47... ...
An EIC would provide an important bridge between the existing JLab and RHIC programs, and it would connect with the LHC heavy ion program as well. It would deepen the understanding of the QCD structure of nucleons and nuclei by focusing on the crucial role of gluons in generating the mass and spin of the proton, it would determine the distribution of gluons in nuclei with unprecedented accuracy, and it would study the highly occupied state of gluons that is expected to be the initial state for the formation of a quark-gluon plasma.
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From page 48... ...
With CEBAF at JLab and RHIC at BNL offering unique, world-class facilities in hadronic physics and heavy ion physics, nuclear physics in the United States over the past several decades has provided strong scientific leadership internationally. FRIB, under construction at Michigan State University, will enhance U.S.
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From page 49... ...
The U.S. QCD community amounts to about half of the field of nuclear physics in the United States.
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Nuclear Science. versities in nuclear physics produce Ph.D.s in these areas.11 The realization of an EIC is absolutely crucial to maintaining the health of the field of nuclear physics in the United States.
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From page 51... ...
However, the annual number of new Ph.D.s in nuclear physics in the United States has been approximately constant in time since then. The most recent assessment,13 in 2014, reports that there is a substantial increase in the percentage of Nuclear Physics Early Career Awards to individuals who received their Ph.D.s outside the United States.
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From page 52... ...
A significant fraction of the international QCD community is currently performing research in the United States at JLab and RHIC, with 36 percent of JLab users and 42 percent of RHIC users from institutions outside the United States. Chapter 5 describes international facilities where QCD research is performed, including the heavy ion program at the LHC at CERN, the Common Muon and Proton Apparatus for Structure and Spectroscopy (COMPASS)
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