Review and Assessment of Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes (2018) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Mars Special Regions: A Case Study in the Evolution of Planetary Protection Policies
Appendix B: Mars Special Regions: A Case Study in the Evolution of Planetary Protection Policies
Pages 101-105
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From page 101... ...
18. 2 Material in this appendix has been extracted and adapted from the report National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and European Science Foundation, Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2015 3 M.C.
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From page 102... ...
to conduct (Figure B.1, step 3) a study to assess the body of policies, requirements, and techniques designed to protect Mars from Earth-originating organisms that could interfere with and compromise scientific investigations.8 The resulting NRC report, Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars, concluded that there were insufficient data to distinguish between Special Regions on Mars and regions that are not special.9 The committee proposed a new classification system, which would replace COSPAR's Categories IVa through IVc, with Category IVn for Non-Special Regions and Category IVs for Special Regions.10 In addition, the NRC committee commented: "Until measurements are made that permit distinguishing confidently between regions that are special on Mars and those that are not, NASA should treat all direct-contact missions (i.e., all Category IV missions)
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From page 103... ...
.16 The report of the COSPAR Colloquium disagrees with the NRC 2006 report by stating that there is sufficient data to distinguish between Special and Non-Special Regions and it differs from SR-SAG report by reducing the lower temperature limit for the survival of terrestrial life from –20°C to –25°C.17 The colloquium report also recommended that the definition of a Special Region and the list of terrains classified as Special be reviewed every 2 years.18 COSPAR subsequently adopted (Figure B.1, steps 4-7) the recommendations of the colloquium report and planetary protection policy was updated (Figure B.1, step 1)
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From page 104... ...
• Suggested that some of the specific terrains identified as Special Regions in both the COSPAR policy and in the SR-SAG2 report are best regarded as "Uncertain Regions" until proven otherwise.21,22 2015 The reports of SR-SAG2 and joint National Academies-ESF review committee were formally presented at an international workshop, organized by COSPAR's Panel on Planetary Protection, and held in Bern, Switzerland, on September 22-24, 2015. Each group had a half day to present their conclusions and recommendations.
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From page 105... ...
2017 The COSPAR Bureau approved (Figure B.1, step 7) the Panel on Planetary Protection's recommendations concerning the policy updates at its March 2017 meeting.24 However, the pace of scientific results concerning Mars continued unabated.
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