Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization Status and Research Needs (2019) / Chapter Skim
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9 Assessing Commercial Viability of Carbon Utilization Technologies
9 Assessing Commercial Viability of Carbon Utilization Technologies
Pages 183-200
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From page 183... ...
Assessing the commercial viability of carbon utilization technologies enables the comparison of technologies and the identification of areas where research and development might be most impactful. The evaluation of the commercialization of potential carbon utilization products or processes requires consideration of technology and economic viability, which are traditionally determined by conducting technoeconomic analysis (TEA)
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From page 184... ...
SOURCE: Lee et al., 2017. FIGURE 9-2 The Strategic Technology Evaluation Program, STEP, was developed to systematically assess commercial potential for new technologies.
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From page 185... ...
Utilization of gaseous carbon waste streams is a relatively new technical area and most of the technologies are at a very early stage of development (Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs)
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From page 186... ...
For simplicity, the technology development process can be described by the successive steps in the right-hand column of Table 9-1-1, which are used to describe the state of the technologies considered throughout the report. TABLE 9-1-1 Description of the technology readiness levels.
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From page 187... ...
. Technoeconomic Factors Relevant to Carbon Utilization The TEA methodology described above is generally applicable; however, in assessing technologies for utilization of gaseous carbon waste streams, particular attention has to be paid to the following technical and economic factors: 1.
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From page 188... ...
Sale of the captured CO2 for utilization applications could provide a revenue stream to improve the economics of carbon capture; however, if the full cost of carbon dioxide capture is applied as a CO2 feedstock price to utilization technologies, the feedstock price will be of order $60 per ton of carbon dioxide with current technologies. However, as the carbon capture technologies mature, the carbon capture cost from combustion facilities is expected to come down.
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From page 189... ...
The results of such sensitivity analyses are often shown in "tornado charts." The committee was not able to identify any public domain comprehensive TEA sensitivity analysis for commercial technologies; however, a recent technology development example with flared natural gas conversion to methanol can be used as an illustration for future CO2 utilization processes. An example of a tornado chart for the flared gas conversion is shown in Figure 9-3, which shows a sensitivity analysis of a novel technology being developed by RTI International and Massachusetts Institute of Technology to convert flared gas into methanol using an engine reformer (Browne, 2016)
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From page 190... ...
This is an example of using sensitivity analyses of TEA to identify priority research areas when developing new technologies for utilization of gaseous carbon wastes. Sensitivity analyses are employed not only to identify research targets, but also to understand the impact that key assumptions have on TEAs.
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From page 191... ...
. Because carbon utilization technologies are largely early in their development, detailed customer interviews are not possible.
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From page 192... ...
. Potential Market Barriers for New Technologies While the majority of market evaluation focuses on the end market for the technology, an equally important factor is to identify any potential barriers leading to the end market to understand if there will be changeover costs for introducing a new technology.
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From page 193... ...
. For example, a recent study with "mystery shoppers" demonstrated car dealerships themselves were negatively affecting electric vehicle sales due in part to a lack of knowledge of the technology as well as a lack of willingness to promote the technology due to their perceptions about viability and profitability of 193
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From page 194... ...
. Overall, the adoption of products derived from gaseous carbon waste streams could similarly be challenging without an understanding of consumer perceptions.
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. For areas like construction materials or consumer goods, these could be significant hurdles for new gaseous carbon waste–containing products.
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. In this diagram, the outlines of the bars designate the range of commercialization times and success rates seen for chemical products in these categories and the dotted lines depict the average commercialization time for each category.
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. Many of the strategies for gaseous carbon waste utilization are based on developing "drop-in" technologies for established markets.
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From page 198... ...
Advanced testing Research is needed to develop predictive accelerated aging evaluation methodologies for mineral carbonation. Such models would help de-risk technologies and streamline their introduction into conservative market applications where extensive performance data are needed to establish codes for use.
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From page 199... ...
2018. Tax credit may rev up carbon capture and sequestration technology.
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