Frontiers of Materials Research A Decadal Survey (2019) / Chapter Skim
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1 Brief Survey of Developments over the Decade
1 Brief Survey of Developments over the Decade
Pages 14-25
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From page 14... ...
materials, and perhaps more importantly, it has instigated work on new physical phenomena, with potential utility in many electronics applications such as solar cells, transistors, camera sensors, digital screens, and semiconductors. Soon after the discovery of graphene, theorists predicted what are now called topological insulators, materials that are insulators in the interior, owing to a Fermi level that falls within the bulk bandgap, but whose surface contains conducting states.
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From page 15... ...
materials as well. These recent discoveries contributed to recognition in the 2016 Nobel Prize in physics of earlier work by Thouless, Kosterlitz, and Haldane on phase transitions and transport, where topology plays a crucial role.
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From page 16... ...
This AM method is producing a growing list of parts for numerous industries, making stronger components with less material waste that are impossible to create using traditional machining techniques. For the GE Catalyst Advanced turboprop engine example shown here, the design reduced 855 separate parts to just 12.
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From page 17... ...
The short time scale dictated older, familiar glass technology and existing manufacturing facilities as the starting point. Successive matters of processing conditions, bubble formation, and color formation were solved to yield Gorilla Glass,2 which was not mentioned in the last decadal survey but is now nearly a $400 million annual market for Corning.
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From page 18... ...
1.1 INDUSTRIAL PERSPECTIVES The current decadal survey paid particular attention to understanding the industrial point of view, as the translation from basic research in universities and national laboratories into industry is the most effective path for deriving societal benefit in the form of useful products from basic MR. To assess how industries viewed the impact of materials science and materials engineering as enabling technologies, a selection of companies from different sectors were asked to provide their input by responding to four requests and questions: 1.
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From page 19... ...
Accelerated discovery of new materials or the optimum structure and composition of a material and moving beyond the advances enabled by the ICME approach to "materials by design" was seen as enabling breakthroughs in the future. For example, the need for new materials to go "beyond silicon" for increased power, frequency, or improved energy efficiency in information technologies; to extend performance of materials through novel coatings or clean energy-storage technologies; and to create materials in which the sensors are an embedded and integrated component of the material were all seen as areas of opportunities that would be accelerated by utilizing an integrated computational materials science and engineering approach.4 Others saw the potential impact on their industry of adopting an integrated computational science and engineering methodology, as this approach had yet to be implemented within their sector.
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From page 20... ...
The reason for conducting the research with entities across the world varied and included access to a diverse talent pool, geolocation in rela tion to their global business, specific research expertise that might not be available
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From page 21... ...
MR issues focusing on failures will always benefit from more data, and thus better characterization techniques would be beneficial, especially in situ methods that would work at extreme conditions; today, many failure processes are often not fully understood, thus preventing the design of mathematical models for use in predicting the material behavior. Clearly, there are opportunities for MR to make inroads not only in modeling at multiple length scales, but also for in situ characterization.
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From page 22... ...
Some other aspects of this survey of MR that have been less prominent in previous reports are more extensive and penetrating insights into the role of MR in international economic competitiveness and of national security. Chapter 5 develops the case, based in part on the 2016 book Advanced Materials Innovation, Managing Global Technology in the 21st Century,5 that over three-quarters of all economic growth in coming decades will be attributable to the development and application of advanced materials, and that investments in MR are tied directly to national competitiveness and economic prosperity.
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From page 23... ...
The committee encourages the reader of this survey to consider the many opportunities available in providing access to clean water, improving the urban infrastructure, engineering better medicines, reverse-engineering the brain, and making solar energy economical, to mention just a few of many more challenges. On the international front, the committee is cognizant of the fact that several economies -- China's in particular -- have significantly increased research and devel opment spending.
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From page 24... ...
Key Finding: The integrated computational materials science and materials engineering methodology has had a significant impact on product develop ment in specific industries, as the committee has learned through industrial input. There is potential for further impact through the inclusion of integrated data sciences into the materials research for all length scales and material types.
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From page 25... ...
Brief Survey of Developments over the Decade 25 Key Recommendation: It is critically important that fundamental research remains a central component of the funding portfolio of government agen cies that support materials research. Paradigm-changing advances often come from unexpected lines of work.
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