Frontiers of Materials Research A Decadal Survey (2019) / Chapter Skim
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and the Department of Energy (DOE) , aimed at documenting the status and promising future directions of materials research in the United States in the context of similar efforts worldwide.
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with materials characterization and synthesis and processing methods is accelerating the discovery of designer materials and their use in products. This momentum extends into digital manufacturing, wherein additive manufacturing and other processes connect materials synthesis directly with fabrication.
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Great advances have been seen in polymers and in biomaterials of many kinds, and in soft matter such as colloids and liquid crystals. Superconductivity has remained a fertile field, while the area of quantum materials more generally -- including materials such as quantum-spin liquids, strongly correlated thin films and heterostructures, novel magnets, graphene and other very thin materials, and topological materials -- is advancing rapidly.
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Our fundamental understanding of metals and alloys will continue to advance through increasingly coupled experimental and computational modeling, with real time characterization of materials as their conditions and behavior change. New directions will also come from innovations in the design, composition, processing, and fabrication methods that take advantage of advanced capabilities in materials manufacturing.
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Metamaterials are another important class, whose structure provides specific functional responses, and they offer tremendous opportunities in many different technologies such as energy-efficient light sources, sensing applications, thermal engineering, and microwave technology. This discussion of promising research opportunities is only illustrative.
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materi als research community must continue to grow and expand in these areas. DEMAND FROM THE ULTIMATE APPLICATIONS Fundamental connections exist between the broad field of materials research and the needs and interests of the industrial sector.
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Throughout the materials research community there is a broadly voiced desire for greater interactions among universities, private enterprise, and national laboratories. Efforts to streamline cooperation and flow of information among these major engines of creativity and innovation in materials science and technology will pay dividends.
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The concept of a Discovery to Translation Materials Research Center would complement NSF's existing Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers, which promote fundamental research, and its Engineering Research Centers, which promote technology development, by bringing both into functional synergy in an unprecedented manner. The desire to connect basic materials research more cooperaively with technology should in no way be taken as lack of support for t high-risk, fundamental research, which continues to be of critical importance.
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The integration of these capabilities has made it possible to create novel bulk materials with radically superior properties via architectural control at the appropriate scales. In much the same way that arches, columns, beams, and buttresses revolutionized the construction of buildings, towers, and bridges in past centuries, the materials community is now exploiting material architecture to expand the material design space in multiple dimensions, independently manipulate material properties that are currently coupled, and develop materials with vastly superior properties than can be achieved with solid objects.
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Key Finding: Infrastructure at all levels, from midscale instrumentation for materials characterization, synthesis, and processing with purchase costs of $4 million to $100 million in universities and national laboratories to large-scale research centers like synchrotron light sources, free electron lasers, neutron scattering sources, high field magnets, and superconductors is essential for the health of the U.S. materials science enterprise.
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These range from the most fundamental re search to product realization, including experimental and modeling capa bilities enabled by advances in computing, to achieve the aim that by 2030 the United States is the leader in the field. Key Finding: The Materials Genome Initiative, and the earlier Integrated Computational Materials Engineering approach, recognized the potential of integrating and coordinating computational methods, informatics, materials characterization, and synthesis and processing methods to accelerate the dis covery and deployment of designer materials in products.
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Materials research is a critical underpinning to economic growth as well as national competitiveness, wealth and trade, health and well-being, and national defense. The impact that materials research has had on emerging technologies, na tional needs, and science has been important to date, and it is expected to become even more so as the United States moves through the digital and information age and faces current and future global challenges.
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Summary 13 economy. The impact that materials research has had on emerging technologies, national needs, and science has been important to date, and as the United States moves through the digital and information age and faces current and future global challenges, this impact is expected to become even more important.
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