Systemic Pedestrian Safety Analysis (2018) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 80-96
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From page 80... ...
80 Twelve pedestrian countermeasures are presented that could be considered during a systemic pedestrian safety analysis process. Each countermeasure summary describes the purpose, current use of the treatment, available safety evidence/benefits, and considerations for application within a systemic framework.
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Potential Countermeasures 81 Effectiveness High visibility crosswalks can provide safety benefits, including crash reductions, as motorists detect them sooner than standard parallel line crosswalk markings during daytime and nighttime (Fitzpatrick et al.
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82 Systemic Pedestrian Safety Analysis used raised crosswalks or speed tables often) , but local agencies use them with greater frequency (Thomas et al.
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Potential Countermeasures 83 Effectiveness Median crossing islands have been shown to reduce pedestrian–motor vehicle crashes (Zegeer et al.
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84 Systemic Pedestrian Safety Analysis in large urban areas (Harkey et al. 2008, Toolbox of Countermeasures and Their Potential Effectiveness for Pedestrian Crashes 2013)
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Potential Countermeasures 85 Curb extensions may also slow turning traffic at intersections since vehicles must navigate a narrower turning radius. Traffic may be slowed on segments if the roadway is sufficiently narrowed.
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86 Systemic Pedestrian Safety Analysis Purpose and Use Crosswalk and roadway illumination is intended to enhance the visibility of pedestrians crossing or walking along roads at night. Illumination may take the form of overhead lighting, automated detection systems with enhanced lighting, and bollard luminaries.
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Potential Countermeasures 87 on larger or higher speed roads. Almost 70% of state and local agencies reported using this treatment on occasion (Thomas et al.
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88 Systemic Pedestrian Safety Analysis reduce the crash risk associated with motorists failing to yield the right-of-way to pedestrians. In particular, advanced stop/yield bars and R1-5/5a signs are implemented in locations where the motorist's view of a pedestrian in the crosswalk is obscured by a stopped or slowing motor vehicle in an adjacent lane (Thomas et al.
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Potential Countermeasures 89 However, since driver judgment is allowed during the flashing red phase, there is still a potential for conflicts and multiple-threat type events. Pedestrian countdown signals installed as part of the PHB package seem to enhance intuitiveness of the signals and provide added benefits to pedestrians (Road User Behaviors at Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons 2016)
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90 Systemic Pedestrian Safety Analysis Countermeasures for Signalized Intersections Leading Pedestrian Interval Figure A10. LPIs to reduce conflicts between turning traffic and pedestrians at a signalized intersection in La Mesa, California (www.pedbikeimages.org/ Dan Burden)
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Potential Countermeasures 91 to pedestrians could serve as a potential surrogate measure of risk. As previously mentioned, right turn on red restrictions may be needed as a companion measure in some traffic conditions.
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92 Systemic Pedestrian Safety Analysis frequently stranded in the crosswalk, there may be insufficient crossing time. Observations may be needed to determine if clearance intervals are insufficient or if pedestrian crossings are being compromised for reasons such as high volumes of pedestrians, slower walking speeds, or turning vehicles not yielding right-of-way to crossing pedestrians, thereby resulting in pedestrian delays.
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From page 93... ...
Potential Countermeasures 93 Systemic Application Protected left-turn phasing addresses the risk of conflict between pedestrians and motor vehicles, specifically parallel-path left-turning vehicles at signalized locations. Implementation of a protected left-turn phase would be appropriate at signalized intersections with exclusive left-turn lanes and high-turn volumes and conflicts with pedestrians.
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