Minority Serving Institutions America's Underutilized Resource for Strengthening the STEM Workforce (2019) / Chapter Skim
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2 Closing the Gap and Advancing the Nation's STEM Workforce
2 Closing the Gap and Advancing the Nation's STEM Workforce
Pages 23-38
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• Communities of color are a vital resource to grow and advance the nation's future STEM workforce. • Two- and four-year Minority Serving Institutions are poised to ad dress the nation's STEM workforce supply problem.
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THE STEM WORKFORCE The STEM workforce is a generalized term used to describe professionals within fields under the broad categories of science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and, in some cases, health-related professions. Researchers tend to use different parameters to define similar STEM occupations, and some may categorize certain positions as STEM focused, while others do not (e.g., technicians, health care professionals, social scientists, and educators)
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. Either way, these arguments advocate for a closer examination of the nation's efforts to bolster postsecondary STEM education and workforce training to support its future workforce (NAS, NAE, and IOM 2007; Pew Research Center 2017)
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FIGURE 2-1 NOTE: Whites, Blacks, and Asians include only single-race non-Hispanics; Asians include NOTE: Whites, Blacks, and Asians include only single-race non-Hispanics; Asians include Pacific Islanders. Other races include Native American/Alaska Native and multiple-race nonPacific Islanders.
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. FIGURE 2-3 Percentage distribution of students enrolled in public elementary and secFIGURE 2-3 Percentage distribution of students enrolled in public elementary and secondary schools, schools, by race/ethnicity,through fall 2026.
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Data from these populations are commonly compiled into one group, referred to in a footnote or with an asterisk in reports. For example, in several reports reviewed by the committee, the only education and workforce data available for Native American, Alaska Native, and multiple-race populations were collapsed into a single demographic category labeled as "other races." Another area for review is the failure of certain datasets to disaggregate diverse populations by ethnicity.
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. Many foreign-born workers travel to the United States to earn advanced STEM degrees and, using a green card or H-1B visas, often stay in the country to work (Alphonse 2013; Atkinson 2013; Hanson and Slaughter 2016; Hunt 2011; Jaimovich and Siu 2017)
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: America Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science Reauthorization Act of 2010. 6 S.3084, 114th Congress (2015-2016)
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. Based on these findings, the committee suggests that the most efficient way to advance the STEM workforce is to capitalize on the nation's changing demographics, and 7 Additional estimates suggest that Asians are overrepresented across all STEM occupational clusters (Pew Research Center 2018)
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Reports reviewing those same years suggest that eliminating health dis parities for minorities would have reduced direct medical care expenditures by almost $230 billion. The pivotal Margaret Heckler Report on Black and Minority Health documented health disparities in care more than 30 years ago, and yet, despite the longevity of this report, little progress appears to have been made.
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MINORITY SERVING INSTITUTIONS: AN UNDERUTILITIZED RESOURCE Attempts to increase both the total number of students of color and their representation within the STEM workforce are not new propositions. Previous studies conducted by the National Academies and other organizations have underscored this urgency (e.g., NAS, NAE, and IOM 2011; NSF 2017; Palmer et al.
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. Given the nation's urgent need for a well-trained, domestic STEM-capable workforce, and the strong value proposition for inclusion and diversity, MSIs are perhaps the most poised of any sector within American postsecondary education to solve an unaddressed STEM workforce supply problem.
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2017. Pulling Back the Curtain: Enroll ment and Outcomes at Minority Serving Institutions.
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2017b. Undergraduate research experiences for STEM students: Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities.
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New York, NY: Routledge Pew Research Center.
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2016. Best Practices for the Disaggregation of Federal Data on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders.
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