A Primer to Prepare for the Connected Airport and the Internet of Things (2018) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 8-28
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8 What Is IoT? In IoT, different applications and devices must work together seamlessly across and within different sectors, enabling new capabilities and processes.
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Understanding IoT 9 • One airport representative interviewed for this research report defined IoT as "the intelligent connectivity of smart devices by which objects can sense one another and communicate, thus changing how, where, and by whom decisions about our physical world are made." Components of IoT A multitude of terms are also used to describe today's smart technologies: IoT, wearables, connected devices, and ubiquitous computing, for example. As a result, it can be difficult to distinguish between them.
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10 A Primer to Prepare for the Connected Airport and the Internet of Things • An airport representative offered an operations-oriented definition: a connected airport has "airport systems that are connected to the Internet, and capable of displaying the current operating state, in a manner that is both temporal and geospatial." • A representative of an airline industry association described a connected airport as "connecting processes and data more centrally." • An airport vendor also took a data perspective: "You've got connectivity into every aspect of the airport operation -- security, baggage, passenger processing. You've got data at your fingertips." IoT Enabling Technologies IoT enables physical objects to see, hear, think, and perform jobs by having them exchange information and coordinate decisions.
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Understanding IoT 11 As noted in Figure 3, there are many varied types and uses of sensors in airports, but currently proximity sensors are most common in airports. The most common types of proximity sensors are as follows: • RFID tags.
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12 A Primer to Prepare for the Connected Airport and the Internet of Things Bluetooth beacons are small, low-cost, battery-operated devices that emit Bluetooth signal pings to other Bluetooth-enabled mobile devices, typically within a 70-m radius. The beacon senses these pings and estimates the relative proximity of nearby mobile devices to the beacon (Smartwhere 2015)
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Understanding IoT 13 Communication Protocols Communication is a key element of IoT. Data are useless if they remain trapped on the physical object and cannot be sent where they can be used.
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14 A Primer to Prepare for the Connected Airport and the Internet of Things or data can be stored and analyzed over time. Some airports may host these systems in-house, while others outsource the handling of data to a cloud-service provider.
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Understanding IoT 15 allowed Southwest to be such a successful low-fare airline (Elliot 2002)
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16 A Primer to Prepare for the Connected Airport and the Internet of Things Making an improved decision or action is how IoT creates value. Information completes the loop and enables a new action -- an impossibility without the combined efforts of all the technologies around the loop.
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Understanding IoT 17 The following examples illustrate the ways in which diverse industries -- aviation, finance, sanitation, surface transportation -- are leveraging IoT-derived information to produce operational efficiencies, strategic differentiation, and new revenue. Operational Efficiency The majority of current airport uses of IoT focus on operational efficiency.
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18 A Primer to Prepare for the Connected Airport and the Internet of Things in the port when their assigned container is ready and then depart using the fastest route. To address companies' unease about sharing information with competitors, the system gathers all information in the port but shares only what is relevant to each stakeholder.
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Understanding IoT 19 can be used by another, external group that is willing to pay for it. For example, DHL gathers data across the world from its sensorized shipping fleet.
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20 A Primer to Prepare for the Connected Airport and the Internet of Things example, some grocery retailers such as Sam's Club or Giant Food Stores offer a smartphone app that enables customers to scan item barcodes as these items are put in a cart and pay for them (with a pre-entered credit card) without ever going through a checkout line.
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Understanding IoT 21 represent different business strategies, each of which can be successful. In fact, the long-term performance of both low-price leaders and one-stop shop retailers is extremely close (Figure 10)
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22 A Primer to Prepare for the Connected Airport and the Internet of Things (Grennan 2016)
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Understanding IoT 23 What does this mean for the future of retail in airports? Mass customization could provide useful information, such as flight boarding status (as some restaurants already provide on monitors)
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24 A Primer to Prepare for the Connected Airport and the Internet of Things solutions may actually help companies keep costs down and productivity up, resulting in greater collaboration in the industry to achieve success. Sample Solution: Creating a Smart Workplace at the Edge in Amsterdam Located in Amsterdam's Zuidas business district, the Edge is the world's most sustainable office, with over 28,000 sensors working to inform and analyze building efficiency (see Figure 11)
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Understanding IoT 25 outset. Integration of technologies with each other was a prime consideration from the start.
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26 A Primer to Prepare for the Connected Airport and the Internet of Things resource planning (ERP) systems, deeper focus on tenant and end-client experience, and enhanced revenue by generating new services for tenants (e.g., infrastructure analysis)
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Understanding IoT 27 the traffic conditions and parking availability near these ships, and adjusts the dispatch time and route for each truck sent to pick up each container. This allows the port to achieve increased efficiency in container loading and offloading, avoid traffic jams, and decrease pollution.
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28 A Primer to Prepare for the Connected Airport and the Internet of Things have a valid reason to know. Thus, while the Authority is able to see a full picture of the port, each shipping line is only able to see information relevant to its operations.
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