Strategic Investments in Instrumentation and Facilities for Extraterrestrial Sample Curation and Analysis (2019) / Chapter Skim
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3 Current Sample Return Missions and Near-Future Priorities Outlined in the Planetary Science Decadal Survey
3 Current Sample Return Missions and Near-Future Priorities Outlined in the Planetary Science Decadal Survey
Pages 20-33
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mission -- and continues the discussion of potential future sample return missions based on the priorities outlined in the 2011 planetary science decadal survey2 (Table 3.1)
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Courtesy of NASA/Goddard/University of Arizona/JAXA. TABLE 3.1 Sample Return Missions Currently in Progress, Missions in Consideration for Possible Implementation, and Some Potential Future Missions Launch Year/ Sample Return Mission Name Lead Agency Year Target/Amount of Sample OSIRIS-REx NASA Current 2016/2023 Carbonaceous asteroid Bennu, 60 g to 2 kg Hayabusa2 JAXA Current 2014/2020 Carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu, ≥0.3 ga CAESAR (Comet NASA Candidate for Estimated Comet 67P, Churyumov Astrobiology selection 2024/2038 Gerasimenko, 100 g Exploration Sample Return)
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Part of the early curation involved monitoring all materials that go into the design and construction of the TAGSAM system and the return capsule. The samples will be returned to a contamination-free curation environment at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC)
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SOURCE: Courtesy of Lisa Pace, NASA Johnson Space Center. necessary sample preparation.
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isas.ac.jp/en/topics/001724.html, last updated July 11, 2018. Courtesy of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, University of Tokyo, Kochi University, Rikkyo University, Nagoya University, Chiba Institute of Technology, Meiji University, University of Aizu, and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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Figure 3.3 shows the curation facility for Hayabusa2 at JSC, which will be co-located within the curation facilities for OSIRIS-REx described in Section 3.1.1. 3.2 PRIORITIES FOR SAMPLE RETURN MISSIONS OUTLINED IN THE 2013-2022 DECADAL SURVEY The decadal survey Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-20226 is an extensive 10-year plan for solar system science and mission priorities.
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Thus, in preparation for eventual cryogenic comet sample return, the decadal survey recommended a comet surface sample return mission capable of returning a minimum of 100 g of material. Such a mission was considered the highest priority in studying primitive materials and the origin of the solar system.
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The stated sample return objective is approximately 10 g of material. 3.3.3 Mars Sample Return Mars sample return was identified as the highest priority large strategic mission by the decadal survey and will require multiple missions to accomplish, spanning into the next decadal survey.16 There are also sample return missions to Mars being explored by Russia (Mars-Grunt Mission, mid-2020s)
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, the significance of recent lunar activity at potential surface vent sites, and the reconstruction of both the thermal-tectonic-magmatic evolution of the Moon and the impact history of the inner solar system through the exploration of better characterized and newly revealed lunar terrains."20 A lunar polar volatiles explorer concept is described in Appendixes D and G of the decadal survey. 3.3.4.1 South Pole-Aitken Basin Sample Return The SPA basin sample return mission has been identified in the last two decadal surveys as a high-priority New Frontiers class mission.
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The Planetary Science Division of NASA's Science Mission Directorate sponsored a workshop on January 10-12, 2018, to identify landing sites on the Moon that have high scientific interest.23 The workshop developed a list of potential landing sites that take advantage of these new commercial capabilities to get to the lunar surface for in situ science, as well as for sample return. As seen in Figure 3.9, there are many sites that could address fundamental lunar science questions defined by National Academies documents and Lunar Exploration Analysis Group reports.
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As discussed in Section 3.3.1, comet surface sample return is part of the current New Frontiers mission competition, but CAESAR is not a cryogenic sample return mission and is designed to return rocky materials and sublimatedevidentthe form of gases. is rich in scientific exploration targets that will inform us on the origin It is ices in that the Moon Successful return of the Earth-Moon system significant development of sample return technologies, an has and evolution of cryogenic samples requires and the history of the inner Solar System, and also ability to pay thepotential for enabling human exploration and for the development of a vibrant lunar enormous high costs of sample curation (which would require cryogenic storage and characterization technologies)
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In addition, surface temperatures may show significant variations in time (day versus night; summer versus winter) or geography (equator versus poles; exposed versus permanently shadowed regions)
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Figure 3.11 shows that an estimate of average equilibrium surface temperatures of many solar system bodies of interest lie at or above the condensation temperature for liquid nitrogen. The technology for long-term storage of materials at liquid nitrogen temperatures is well developed, with many applications in medical and biochemical storage, and is less costly than storage at lower temperatures.
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Hayabusa2 and OSIRIS-REx. In the future, there may be sample return missions that pose a risk for the capture of extraterrestrial micro organisms.
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