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From page 457... ... Appendix H Summary of HERS, NBIAS, and PHT Modeling Tools The two models used by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to address future investment and performance issues are the Highway Economic Requirements System (HERS) Read the entire page →
From page 458... ... 458 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM pavements remaining service life (RSL) Read the entire page →
From page 459... ... APPENDIX H 459 roads except local roads and rural minor collectors. Within the database, the highway network is divided into sections homogeneous over their length. Read the entire page →
From page 460... ... 460 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM TABLE H-2 HPMS Inputs into HERS TRAFFIC Inputs Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) Base year level Forecast for future year (usually current year plus 20) Read the entire page →
From page 461... ... APPENDIX H 461 metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) and state DOTs. Read the entire page →
From page 462... ... 462 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM analysis. Preprocessing calculations include, for instance, validation checks and corrections to HPMS input data. Read the entire page →
From page 463... ... APPENDIX H 463 In its calculations, HERS differentiates between three different types of costs: costs to both society and users (e.g., travel time) , costs to society but not to users or externalities (e.g., damage due to emissions) Read the entire page →
From page 464... ... 464 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM Another feature within HERS is that of a provision that allows for forcing the model to improve unacceptably deficient highway sections even if the BCR is not met. These are known as "mandatory improvements." If this feature is not used in a given analysis, the analysis is run without mandatory improvements (this is the basic analysis) Read the entire page →
From page 465... ... APPENDIX H 465 FIGURE H-3 Analytical process for analyses for constrained funds and with mandatory improvements. Read the entire page →
From page 466... ... 466 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM FIGURE H-4 Analytical process for analyses for constrained performance and with mandatory improvements. Read the entire page →
From page 467... ... APPENDIX H 467 history of each section evaluated, the costs and benefits (i.e., performance measures) of the implemented improvements, and the history of each section. Read the entire page →
From page 468... ... 468 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM • Number of crashes (per 100 million vehicle-miles) ; • Number of injuries (per 100 million vehicle-miles) Read the entire page →
From page 469... ... APPENDIX H 469 • Injuries avoided in the last year of the period, • Lives saved in the last year of the period, • VMT for improved sections in the last year of the period, • Emissions costs savings in the last year of the period, and • Lane-miles added to the system through widening improvements. HERS STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES The HERS model has both strengths and weaknesses in its application to the Future Interstate study. Read the entire page →
From page 470... ... 470 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM where it goes if it is diverted. Finally, the HERS approach to project selection based on strict benefit-cost analysis may not be fully representative of how agencies actually select and design projects. Read the entire page →
From page 471... ... APPENDIX H 471 collection and availability, and the data are collected by direct observation of bridge engineers. The data are gathered through these inspections every 2 years; in some instances, however, states choose to inspect certain bridges more often. Read the entire page →
From page 472... ... 472 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM In order to determine whether a bridge needs a functional improvement, NBIAS applies two sets of business rules: • Functional improvement policies. These are based on threshold values for lane width, shoulder width, load rating, and vertical clearance. Read the entire page →
From page 473... ... APPENDIX H 473 to element level information data, through what is called, a reverse translator. The reverse translator uses a set of synthesis, quantity, and condition (SQC) Read the entire page →
From page 474... ... 474 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM FIGURE H-5 Schematic of NBIAS analytical process. SOURCE: Robert and Gurenich 2008. Read the entire page →
From page 475... ... APPENDIX H 475 The output of parametric runs is a four-dimensional array of results with the following dimensions: • Measures of effectiveness, • Simulation year, • 26 bridge categories (considered from 13 functional classes of bridges either in/off the NHS or in/off the SHN) , and • N+2 parametric steps. Read the entire page →
From page 476... ... 476 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM maintenance options to estimate the benefits of each pavement section improvement quantified in terms service life. To conduct its calculations, PHT uses pavement performance models that are simplified versions of the more complex mechanistic-empirical (ME) Read the entire page →
From page 477... ... APPENDIX H 477 and level 3 (policy and planning) default values that are available through ME-PDG design software. Read the entire page →
From page 478... ... 478 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM TABLE H-3 Feasible Improvements for Flexible and Composite (AC) Pavements Interstate Primary Secondary Surface sealing N/A N/A RSL > 5 years Rutting < 0.35 in. Read the entire page →
From page 479... ... APPENDIX H 479 TABLE H-4 Feasible Improvements for Rigid Pavements Interstate Primary Secondary Functional repair RSL > 10 years Cracking Percent < 10% Faulting < 0.15 in. Read the entire page →
From page 480... ... 480 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM TABLE H-5 Default Terminal Thresholds Surface Type Functional System IRI Cracking Rutting FaultingPercentage Length Rigid Interstate 170 10% 0.15 in. Primary 220 15% 0.20 in. Read the entire page →
From page 481... ... APPENDIX H 481 • Control variables -- Two control files (one each for HERS and the PreProcessor) contain processing directives that are likely to be specific to an individual analysis run. Read the entire page →
From page 482... ... 482 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM TABLE H-8 PreProcessor Control Inputs Control Input Description Default Value FILIN Name of HPMS data file to be preprocessed name.csv FILOUT HERS data file to be created name.HRS DSTOUT Truck VMT distribution file to be created name.DST PCTNHS_FILENAME Name of percent NHS file Blank INTYEAR_FILENAME Name of intermediate year file to be used Blank if none–for federal use only Blank DO_INTYR_MID Intermediate year middle switch specifying intermediate year to be used: • 0 = year specified • 1 = midpoint of Funding Period 1 LFP Length of funding period 5 BASEYR Base year of analysis (20xx) 16 PSRUPS PSR for unpaved sections; passed to HERS as lower limit of pavement deterioration 0.10 CALCCAP Coded capacity override switch • 0 – use coded capacities when supplied (normal case) Read the entire page →
From page 483... ... APPENDIX H 483 Control Input Description Default Value MRERR Report excessive AADT growth rate switch • 0 – do not report AADT over capacity exceeded MAXR • 1 – print error message for sections with AADT over capacity ratio exceeding MAXR 1 MAXTCD Maximum number of traffic control devices (stop signs and traffic signals) per mile 25 NTDERR Governs generation of traffic control device error messages • 0 – do not report average number of stop signs and traffic signals per mile exceeded MAXTCD • 1 – print warning message for sections with average number of stop signs and traffic signals per mile exceeded MAXTCD 1 MINSPL Minimum speed limit 15 MAXSPL Maximum speed limit 80 RUERR Governs generation of FC and RURURB error messages. Read the entire page →
From page 484... ... 484 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM Control Input Description Default Value STATEIN The name of the file that contains the user requested improvements. Includes CNTY and SECNUM as well improvements data. Read the entire page →
From page 485... ... APPENDIX H 485 Control Input Description Default Value VOTbase EDFUPA Value of Time Adj. Factors See Table 1a FUPRIbase EDFUPA fuel price factors See Table 1b ADJVMTGR VMT growth rate adjustment control field • 1 – Yes, adjust VMT Growth Rate per data below • 0 – No, use native HPMS growth 0 VMTGRGOAL VMT goal control. Read the entire page →
From page 486... ... 486 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM TABLE H-11 PreProcessor Control Inputs -- VMT Functional Classification Initial VMT VMT After 20 Years Initial Growth Rate Target Growth Rate Rural Interstate 243,918.609 342,687.938 1.01714 0.00000 Rural Other Principal Arterial 223,438.047 307,443.062 1.01609 0.00000 Rural Minor Arterial 148,438.078 195,590.938 1.01389 0.00000 Rural Major Collector 175,960.375 236,948.531 1.01499 0.00000 Urban Interstate 484,566.000 630,032.750 1.01321 0.00000 Urban Tollway 225,071.562 294,296.500 1.01350 0.00000 Urban Other Principal Arterial 455,866.250 591,690.312 1.01312 0.00000 Urban Minor Arterial 376,418.688 489,400.344 1.01321 0.00000 Urban Collector 179,698.891 238,341.797 1.01422 0.00000 All Rural 791,755.125 1,082,670.500 1.01577 0.00000 All Urban 1,721,621.375 2,243,761.750 1.01333 0.00000 All Functional Classifications 2,537,472.500 3,361,302.000 1.01416 1.01070 TABLE H-12 HERS Executable Control Inputs -- RUNSPEC.DAT Control Input Description Default Value RUNNUM 20 character run identifier User Specified RUNDES 100 character run description (to appear at top of every page) Blank FILOVR Input file overwrite switch. Read the entire page →
From page 487... ... APPENDIX H 487 continued Control Input Description Default Value FILIN Binary section file name name.HRS DISTIN Truck VMT distribution file name name.DST INTYEAR_FILENAME Name of intermediate year file Blank LFP Length of funding period 5 NFP Number of funding periods 4 AADTTY Type of AADT calculation to perform • 1 – original method • 2 – straight line method • 3 – proposed method 2 DO_INTYEAR_MIDDLE Intermediate year selection control • 0 – use year specified in INTYEAR file • 1 – use middle of FP containing the specified year 0 INPUTLRS Long run share of elasticity –0.25 INPUTSRE Short run elasticity –0.40 DRATE Discount rate, in percentage 7.0 INL Intermediate number of lanes switch • 0 – When adding lanes, consider only increasing to the design number of lanes or not adding lanes at all • 1 – Also consider adding intermediate numbers of lanes 1 BACKLG Backlog switch • 1 – Calculate backlog at beginning of the run • 0 – Don't calculate 0 MAXNTD Maximum number of traffic control devices (stop signs and traffic signals) per mile 25.0 BBUDGET Budget balance switch • 0 – normal run • 1 – partial balanced • 2 – fully balanced 0 REV_ITERATIONS Number of revenue iterations to perform (between 1 and 5) Read the entire page →
From page 488... ... 488 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM Control Input Description Default Value NHCIT Multiplier for non-HERS capital improvement types 1.834 Require reconstruction after number of years • 1 – Yes • 0 – No 0 Reconstruction limit: flex/comp, rigid 30, 45 SURFLIMIT Limit on consecutive resurfacing switch • 1 – limit • 0 – no limit 1 MAXSURF Maximum number of consecutive resurfacings (if limit imposed above) 2 NEEDS Full engineering needs switch • 1 – perform full engineering needs analysis • 0 – use objective specified below 1 BCRMIN Minimum BCR 1.00 OBJCTV Analytical objective • 1 – Fund constraint • 2 – Performance constraint • 3 – MinBCR at BCRMIN • 4 – Speed constraint • 5x – IRI Threshold (where "x" identifies UST) Read the entire page →
From page 489... ... APPENDIX H 489 continued Control Input Description Default Value CSPEC Constraint specification selector • 1 – By 9 functional classes • 2 – By principal arterial/other arterial and rural/urban • 3 – By principal arterial/other • 4 – By rural/urban • 5 – For the whole system at once 5 SCVALU Table of fund/performance constraints • Objective 1: Funds available each funding period (millions of $) • Objective 2: Highway performance goals per vehicle-mile (or per mile, if goal is for maintenance cost only) Read the entire page →
From page 490... ... 490 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM Control Input Description Default Value ANDPCTC Allocate non-deficient pavement costs to capacity switch • 1 – Allocate • 0 – Allocate non-deficient costs to preservation 0 NPSEC Number of sections to be processed between printings of "number of sections processed" message • 0 – No message 10,000 NSIMP Number of improvements selected between printings of "number of selected improvements" message • 0 – No message 10,000 INMXLBCA Maximum length of benefit-cost analysis period • 0 – Default (60) 20 CAPFAC_FP Beginning FP for capacity adjustment factor • FP – to begin • 0 – to disable 0 CAPACFAC_IN Capacity adjustment factor 1.250 IN_SECOUTPUT Section output switch • 1 – Yes • 2 – No 1 CONGPRI_FP Beginning FP for congestion pricing • FP – to begin • 999 – to disable 999 CONGPRI_THR Congestion pricing V/C threshold (minimum V/C for toll) Read the entire page →
From page 491... ... APPENDIX H 491 TABLE H-13 RUNSPEC.DAT -- Table of Fund/Performance Constraints Functional Classification FP 1 FP 2 FP 3 FP 4 FP 5 FP 6 FP 7 FP 8 FP 9 FP 10 (1) By 9 functional classes Rural Interstate a a a a a a a a a a Rural OPA a a a a a a a a a a Rural MA a a a a a a a a a a Rural Maj. Read the entire page →
From page 492... ... 492 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM TABLE H-14 RUNSPEC.DAT -- Table of Constraint Weights (for OBJCTV Type 2 Only) Rural Urban Interstate OPA MA Major Collector Interstate Other Fwy/ Expy OPA MA Collector Operating Cost 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Travel Time Cost 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Property Damage 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Injury Cost 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Fatality Cost 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Number of Crashes 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Number of Injuries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Number of Fatalities 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Maintenance Cost 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Emissions Cost 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total Delay 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Average IRI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Read the entire page →
From page 493... ... APPENDIX H 493 TABLE H-15 RUNSPEC.DAT -- Table of Benefit-Cost Ratio Weights Rural Urban Interstate OPA MA Major Collector Interstate Other Fwy/ Expy OPA MA Collector Operating Cost Benefits 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Travel Time Benefits 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Property Damage Savings 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Injury Cost Savings 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Fatality Cost Savings 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Maintenance Benefits 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Residual Value 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Emissions Cost 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Upstream CO2 Damage 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tailpipe CO2 Damage 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Read the entire page →
From page 494... ... 494 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM TABLE H-16 RUNSPEC.DAT -- Table of Output Text Page Selections Funding Period Results Complete Run Results Total initial cost of selected improvements Requested Requested Lane-miles improved Requested Requested Average BCR of selected improvements Requested Requested Total benefits in the last year of period Not Requested Not Requested Maintenance-cost savings in the last year of period Not Requested Not Requested User benefits in the last year of period Not Requested Not Requested Travel-time savings in the last year of period Not Requested Not Requested Operating-cost savings in the last year of period Not Requested Not Requested Safety benefits in the last year of period Not Requested Not Requested Crashes avoided in the last year of period Not Requested Not Requested Injuries avoided in the last year of period Not Requested Not Requested Lives saved in the last year of period Not Requested Not Requested VMT for improved sections in the last year of period Not Requested Not Requested Miles improved Requested Not Requested Capital requirement by IBCR range Not Requested Not Requested Sample sections improved by IBCR range Not Requested Not Requested Miles improved by IBCR range Not Requested Not Requested Travel-time benefits to user-benefits ratios Not Requested Not Requested Lane-miles added Requested Requested Pollution damage savings in last year of period Not Requested Not Requested Deficiencies as % of VMT Not Requested Not Requested Deficiencies as % of MILES Requested Requested Total cost of work zone delays Not Requested Not Requested Read the entire page →
From page 495... ... APPENDIX H 495 TABLE H-17 RUNSPEC.DAT -- Tables of Output Scale Factors (Costs and VMT) Units Costs Total initial cost of selected improvements Millions of dollars Total benefits in the last year of period Millions of dollars Maintenance-cost savings in the last year of period Millions of dollars User benefits in the last year of period Millions of dollars Travel-time benefits to user-benefits ratios Millions of dollars Operating-cost savings in the last year of period Millions of dollars Safety benefits in the last year of period Millions of dollars Capital requirement by IBCR range Millions of dollars Total cost of work zone delays Millions of dollars Pollution damage savings in the last year of period Millions of dollars VMT VMT for improved sections in the last year of period Millions of vehicle-miles VMT at the beginning/end of funding period, or the difference between VMT at the beginning and the end of funding period (basic report) Read the entire page →
From page 496... ... 496 T A B L E H -1 8 Im pr ov em en t C os ts $ in T ho us an ds p er L an eM ile R ec on st ru ct io n R es ur fa ce Sh ou ld er Im pr ov em en ts A dd L an es A lig nm en t 20 02 $ L an e W id en in g Pa ve m en t L an e W id en in g Pa ve m en t N or m al C os t H ig h C os t N or m al C os t H ig h C os t R ur al In te rs ta te Fl at 1, 18 2 77 2 66 9 27 4 51 1, 51 9 2, 10 6 2, 10 6 2, 10 6 R ol lin g 1, 32 5 79 2 77 0 29 2 84 1, 64 7 2, 66 5 2, 66 5 2, 66 5 M ou nt ai no us 2, 51 2 1, 73 4 1, 27 6 43 2 17 6 5, 12 8 6, 00 3 6, 00 3 6, 00 3 Pr in ci pa l A rt er ia ls Fl at 92 3 61 8 55 8 22 0 34 1, 21 7 1, 74 2 1, 74 2 1, 74 2 R ol lin g 1, 04 2 63 5 63 4 24 5 57 1, 30 3 2, 10 3 2, 10 3 2, 10 3 M ou nt ai no us 2, 02 4 1, 43 0 1, 22 9 34 6 75 4, 60 0 5, 29 7 5, 29 7 5, 29 7 M in or A rt er ia ls Fl at 84 4 54 3 52 0 19 5 32 1, 10 6 1, 55 3 1, 55 3 1, 55 3 R ol lin g 1, 01 9 60 1 64 7 21 0 59 1, 26 8 2, 00 0 2, 00 0 2, 00 0 M ou nt ai no us 1, 69 3 1, 11 0 1, 22 9 28 8 13 3 3, 88 3 4, 66 0 4, 66 0 4, 66 0 M aj or C ol le ct or s Fl at 88 9 57 5 53 7 19 9 41 1, 14 9 1, 55 2 1, 55 2 1, 55 2 R ol lin g 97 3 58 4 60 4 21 1 55 1, 17 4 1, 91 0 1, 91 0 1, 91 0 M ou nt ai no us 1, 47 6 91 4 87 9 28 8 85 2, 48 6 3, 24 7 3, 24 7 3, 24 7 U rb an In te rs ta te s/ E xp re ss w ay s Sm al l U rb an 1, 98 7 1, 37 9 1, 56 6 33 4 61 2, 49 3 8, 16 1 3, 36 0 11 ,4 70 Sm al l U rb an iz ed 2, 13 6 1, 38 8 1, 62 0 39 5 81 2, 72 4 8, 95 0 4, 52 9 15 ,4 61 L ar ge U rb an iz ed 3, 40 7 2, 27 2 2, 50 9 53 0 30 6 4, 55 9 15 ,2 91 6, 64 3 22 ,6 78 M aj or U rb an iz ed 6, 81 4 4, 54 4 4, 86 9 87 8 61 2 9, 11 8 38 ,0 22 13 ,2 86 50 ,8 26 Pr in ci pa l A rt er ia ls Sm al l U rb an 1, 73 2 1, 16 9 1, 43 3 28 0 62 2, 11 9 6, 92 2 2, 64 9 9, 04 1 Sm al l U rb an iz ed 1, 85 3 1, 18 3 1, 49 8 33 1 83 2, 29 6 7, 52 8 3, 26 8 11 ,1 55 L ar ge U rb an iz ed 2, 64 7 1, 73 4 2, 19 2 41 6 26 7 3, 36 0 11 ,2 26 4, 48 6 15 ,3 13 M aj or U rb an iz ed 5, 29 4 3, 46 8 4, 38 4 67 2 53 4 6, 72 0 26 ,0 49 8, 97 2 38 ,8 38 A rt er ia ls / C ol le ct or s Sm al l U rb an 1, 27 6 88 3 1, 08 4 20 5 45 1, 56 5 5, 06 9 1, 91 1 6, 52 4 Sm al l U rb an iz ed 1, 33 7 89 3 1, 09 4 23 3 55 1, 64 9 5, 35 8 2, 34 5 8, 00 5 L ar ge U rb an iz ed 1, 80 0 1, 19 4 1, 49 6 28 6 15 0 2, 28 6 7, 59 0 3, 05 2 10 ,4 17 M aj or U rb an iz ed 3, 60 0 2, 38 8 2, 26 3 47 6 30 0 4, 57 2 26 ,0 49 6, 10 4 32 ,2 35 Read the entire page →
From page 497... ... 497 T A B L E H -1 8 Im pr ov em en t C os ts $ in T ho us an ds p er L an eM ile R ec on st ru ct io n R es ur fa ce Sh ou ld er Im pr ov em en ts A dd L an es A lig nm en t 20 02 $ L an e W id en in g Pa ve m en t L an e W id en in g Pa ve m en t N or m al C os t H ig h C os t N or m al C os t H ig h C os t R ur al In te rs ta te Fl at 1, 18 2 77 2 66 9 27 4 51 1, 51 9 2, 10 6 2, 10 6 2, 10 6 R ol lin g 1, 32 5 79 2 77 0 29 2 84 1, 64 7 2, 66 5 2, 66 5 2, 66 5 M ou nt ai no us 2, 51 2 1, 73 4 1, 27 6 43 2 17 6 5, 12 8 6, 00 3 6, 00 3 6, 00 3 Pr in ci pa l A rt er ia ls Fl at 92 3 61 8 55 8 22 0 34 1, 21 7 1, 74 2 1, 74 2 1, 74 2 R ol lin g 1, 04 2 63 5 63 4 24 5 57 1, 30 3 2, 10 3 2, 10 3 2, 10 3 M ou nt ai no us 2, 02 4 1, 43 0 1, 22 9 34 6 75 4, 60 0 5, 29 7 5, 29 7 5, 29 7 M in or A rt er ia ls Fl at 84 4 54 3 52 0 19 5 32 1, 10 6 1, 55 3 1, 55 3 1, 55 3 R ol lin g 1, 01 9 60 1 64 7 21 0 59 1, 26 8 2, 00 0 2, 00 0 2, 00 0 M ou nt ai no us 1, 69 3 1, 11 0 1, 22 9 28 8 13 3 3, 88 3 4, 66 0 4, 66 0 4, 66 0 M aj or C ol le ct or s Fl at 88 9 57 5 53 7 19 9 41 1, 14 9 1, 55 2 1, 55 2 1, 55 2 R ol lin g 97 3 58 4 60 4 21 1 55 1, 17 4 1, 91 0 1, 91 0 1, 91 0 M ou nt ai no us 1, 47 6 91 4 87 9 28 8 85 2, 48 6 3, 24 7 3, 24 7 3, 24 7 U rb an In te rs ta te s/ E xp re ss w ay s Sm al l U rb an 1, 98 7 1, 37 9 1, 56 6 33 4 61 2, 49 3 8, 16 1 3, 36 0 11 ,4 70 Sm al l U rb an iz ed 2, 13 6 1, 38 8 1, 62 0 39 5 81 2, 72 4 8, 95 0 4, 52 9 15 ,4 61 L ar ge U rb an iz ed 3, 40 7 2, 27 2 2, 50 9 53 0 30 6 4, 55 9 15 ,2 91 6, 64 3 22 ,6 78 M aj or U rb an iz ed 6, 81 4 4, 54 4 4, 86 9 87 8 61 2 9, 11 8 38 ,0 22 13 ,2 86 50 ,8 26 Pr in ci pa l A rt er ia ls Sm al l U rb an 1, 73 2 1, 16 9 1, 43 3 28 0 62 2, 11 9 6, 92 2 2, 64 9 9, 04 1 Sm al l U rb an iz ed 1, 85 3 1, 18 3 1, 49 8 33 1 83 2, 29 6 7, 52 8 3, 26 8 11 ,1 55 L ar ge U rb an iz ed 2, 64 7 1, 73 4 2, 19 2 41 6 26 7 3, 36 0 11 ,2 26 4, 48 6 15 ,3 13 M aj or U rb an iz ed 5, 29 4 3, 46 8 4, 38 4 67 2 53 4 6, 72 0 26 ,0 49 8, 97 2 38 ,8 38 A rt er ia ls / C ol le ct or s Sm al l U rb an 1, 27 6 88 3 1, 08 4 20 5 45 1, 56 5 5, 06 9 1, 91 1 6, 52 4 Sm al l U rb an iz ed 1, 33 7 89 3 1, 09 4 23 3 55 1, 64 9 5, 35 8 2, 34 5 8, 00 5 L ar ge U rb an iz ed 1, 80 0 1, 19 4 1, 49 6 28 6 15 0 2, 28 6 7, 59 0 3, 05 2 10 ,4 17 M aj or U rb an iz ed 3, 60 0 2, 38 8 2, 26 3 47 6 30 0 4, 57 2 26 ,0 49 6, 10 4 32 ,2 35 Read the entire page →
From page 498... ... 498 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM TABLE H-19 Deficiency Levels -- Pavement Condition (IRI) Pavement Condition (IRI) Read the entire page →
From page 499... ... APPENDIX H 499 TABLE H-20 Deficiency Levels -- Surface Type Surface Type UL SDL DL UST1 R ur al Interstate Flat 2-High 2-High 2-High 2-High Rolling 2-High 2-High 2-High 2-High Mountainous 2-High 2-High 2-High 2-High Principal Arterials AADT > 6,000 Flat 2-High 2-High 2-High 2-High Rolling 2-High 2-High 2-High 2-High Mountainous 2-High 2-High 2-High 2-High Principal Arterials AADT < 6,000 Flat 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate 2-High 2-High Rolling 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate 2-High 2-High Mountainous 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate 2-High 2-High Minor Arterials AADT > 2,000 Flat 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate Rolling 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate Mountainous 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate Minor Arterials AADT < 2,000 Flat 4-Low 4-Low 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate Rolling 4-Low 4-Low 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate Mountainous 4-Low 4-Low 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate Major Collectors AADT > 1,000 Flat 4-Low 4-Low 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate Rolling 4-Low 4-Low 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate Mountainous 4-Low 4-Low 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate Major Collectors AADT > 400 Flat 4-Low 4-Low 4-Low 4-Low Rolling 4-Low 4-Low 4-Low 4-Low Mountainous 4-Low 4-Low 4-Low 4-Low Major Collectors AADT < 400 Flat 5-Unpaved 5-Unpaved 5-Unpaved 5-Unpaved Rolling 5-Unpaved 5-Unpaved 5-Unpaved 5-Unpaved Mountainous 5-Unpaved 5-Unpaved 5-Unpaved 5-Unpaved continued Read the entire page →
From page 500... ... 500 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM TABLE H-20 Continued Surface Type UL SDL DL UST1 U rb an Interstate 2-High 2-High 2-High 2-High Expressway 2-High 2-High 2-High 2-High Princ. Arterial 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate 2-High 2-High Minor Arterial 4-Low 4-Low 3-Intermediate 3-Intermediate Collector 5-Unpaved 5-Unpaved 4-Low 4-Low TABLE H-21 Deficiency Levels -- V/C Ratio V/C Ratio UL SDL DL WS UST1 UST2 R ur al Interstate Flat 0.90 0.85 0.60 0.70 0.70 0.80 Rolling 0.95 0.90 0.70 0.80 0.70 0.80 Mountainous 0.98 0.95 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.80 Principal Arterials AADT > 6,000 Flat 0.90 0.85 0.60 0.70 0.70 0.80 Rolling 0.95 0.90 0.70 0.80 0.70 0.80 Mountainous 0.98 0.95 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.80 Principal Arterials AADT < 6,000 Flat 0.90 0.85 0.60 0.70 0.70 0.80 Rolling 0.95 0.90 0.70 0.80 0.70 0.80 Mountainous 0.98 0.95 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.80 Minor Arterials AADT > 2,000 Flat 0.90 0.85 0.60 0.70 0.70 0.80 Rolling 0.95 0.90 0.70 0.80 0.70 0.80 Mountainous 0.98 0.95 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.80 Minor Arterials AADT < 2,000 Flat 0.90 0.85 0.60 0.70 0.70 0.80 Rolling 0.95 0.90 0.70 0.80 0.70 0.80 Mountainous 0.98 0.95 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.80 Major Collectors AADT > 1,000 Flat 0.90 0.85 0.60 0.70 0.70 0.80 Rolling 0.95 0.90 0.70 0.80 0.70 0.80 Mountainous 0.98 0.95 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.80 Major Collectors AADT > 400 Flat 1.00 1.00 0.70 0.95 0.70 0.80 Rolling 1.00 1.00 0.70 0.95 0.70 0.80 Mountainous 1.00 1.00 0.70 0.95 0.70 0.80 Major Collectors AADT < 400 Flat 1.00 1.00 0.70 1.00 0.70 0.80 Rolling 1.00 1.00 0.70 1.00 0.70 0.80 Mountainous 1.00 1.00 0.70 1.00 0.70 0.80 Read the entire page →
From page 501... ... APPENDIX H 501 Surface Type UL SDL DL WS UST1 UST2 U rb an Interstate 0.98 0.95 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.80 Expressway 0.98 0.95 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.80 Princ. Arterial 0.98 0.95 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.80 Minor Arterial 0.98 0.95 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.80 Collector 0.98 0.95 0.70 0.90 0.70 0.80 TABLE H-21 Continued TABLE H-22 Deficiency Levels -- Lane Width Lane Width (ft) Read the entire page →
From page 502... ... 502 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM Lane Width (ft) UL SDL DL UST1 U rb an Interstate 11 11 12 12 Expressway 10 11 12 12 Princ. Read the entire page →
From page 503... ... APPENDIX H 503 Right Shoulder Width (ft) UL SDL DL UST1 U rb an Interstate 6 7 9 9 Expressway 6 7 9 9 Princ. Read the entire page →
From page 504... ... 504 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM TABLE H-24 Continued Shoulder Type UL SDL DL UST1 U rb an Interstate 1-Surfaced 1-Surfaced 1-Surfaced 1-Surfaced Expressway 1-Surfaced 1-Surfaced 1-Surfaced 1-Surfaced Princ. Arterial 4-Curbed 2-Stabilized 2-Stabilized 2-Stabilized Minor Arterial 4-Curbed 3-Earth 3-Earth 3-Earth Collector 4-Curbed 3-Earth 3-Earth 3-Earth TABLE H-25 Deficiency Levels -- Horizontal Alignment Horizontal Alignment UL SDL DL R ur al Interstate Flat 2-All Curves Accept 2-All Curves Accept 1-All Crv Appropriate Rolling 2-All Curves Accept 2-All Curves Accept 1-All Crv Appropriate Mountainous 2-All Curves Accept 2-All Curves Accept 1-All Crv Appropriate Principal Arterials AADT > 6000 Flat 2-All Curves Accept 2-All Curves Accept 1-All Crv Appropriate Rolling 2-All Curves Accept 2-All Curves Accept 1-All Crv Appropriate Mountainous 2-All Curves Accept 2-All Curves Accept 1-All Crv Appropriate Principal Arterials AADT < 6000 Flat 3-Some Red. Read the entire page →
From page 505... ... APPENDIX H 505 TABLE H-25 Continued Horizontal Alignment UL SDL DL R ur al Minor Arterials AADT < 2000 Flat 3-Some Red. Speed 2-All Curves Accept 2-All Curves Accept Rolling 3-Some Red. Read the entire page →
From page 506... ... 506 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM TABLE H-26 Deficiency Levels -- Vertical Alignment Vertical Alignment UL SDL DL R ur al Interstate Flat 2-All Grades Accept 2-All Grades Accept 1-All Grd Appropriate Rolling 2-All Grades Accept 2-All Grades Accept 1-All Grd Appropriate Mountainous 2-All Grades Accept 2-All Grades Accept 1-All Grd Appropriate Principal Arterials AADT > 6,000 Flat 2-All Grades Accept 2-All Grades Accept 1-All Grd Appropriate Rolling 2-All Grades Accept 2-All Grades Accept 1-All Grd Appropriate Mountainous 2-All Grades Accept 2-All Grades Accept 1-All Grd Appropriate Principal Arterials AADT < 6,000 Flat 3-Some Red. Speed 2-All Grades Accept 2-All Grades Accept Rolling 3-Some Red. Read the entire page →
From page 507... ... APPENDIX H 507 Vertical Alignment UL SDL DL R ur al Major Collectors AADT > 400 Flat 4-Significant Grades 3-Some Red. Speed 2-All Grades Accept Rolling 4-Significant Grades 3-Some Red. Read the entire page →
From page 508... ... 508 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM TABLE H-27 Design Standards Design Standards Surface Type Lane Width Right Shoulder Width Curve Grade Median Width R ur al Interstate Flat 2-High 12 12 1-All Crv Appr 0.70 64 Rolling 2-High 12 10 1-All Crv Appr 0.70 64 Mountainous 2-High 12 8 3-Some Red. Speed 0.70 16 Principal Arterials AADT > 6,000 Flat 2-High 12 10 1-All Crv Appr 0.70 40 Rolling 2-High 12 10 1-All Crv Appr 0.70 40 Mountainous 2-High 12 8 3-Some Red. Read the entire page →
From page 509... ... APPENDIX H 509 Design Standards Surface Type Lane Width Right Shoulder Width Curve Grade Median Width R ur al Major Collectors AADT > 400 Flat 4-Low 11 4 2-All Crv Accept 0.70 0 Rolling 4-Low 11 4 3-Some Red. Speed 0.70 0 Mountainous 4-Low 11 4 4-Significant Curves 0.70 0 Major Collectors AADT < 400 Flat 4-Low 10 2 2-All Crv Accept 0.70 0 Rolling 4-Low 10 2 3-Some Red. Read the entire page →
From page 510... ... 510 NATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM REFERENCES Abbreviations FHWA Federal Highway Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration U.S. Read the entire page →

From page 457...

... Appendix H Summary of HERS, NBIAS, and PHT Modeling Tools The two models used by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to address future investment and performance issues are the Highway Economic Requirements System (HERS)