Evaluating the Taxonomic Status of the Mexican Gray Wolf and the Red Wolf (2019) / Chapter Skim
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Both the Mexican gray wolf and the red wolf are listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.3 In response to the Congressional mandate, FWS requested the Board on Life Sciences of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene an ad hoc committee to assess the taxonomic status of the red wolf and the Mexican gray wolf.
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Examining the genetic and genomic evidence on taxonomy of the Mexican gray wolf and the red wolf requires an understanding of the fundamental concepts and methods underlying these analyses. THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF THE MEXICAN GRAY WOLF Gray wolves have great dispersal capabilities and generally disperse over long distances.
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There is no evidence that Mexican gray wolf genomes include introgression from domestic dogs. Extant wild Mexican gray wolves behave similarly to other North American gray wolves within the confines of the human-constricted Mexican gray wolf recovery area; their wild behavior prior to their 1970 extirpation in the wild is poorly documented.
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Distinctiveness of Contemporary Red Wolf Populations from Gray Wolves and Coyotes The contemporary population of red wolves in North Carolina is morphologically distinguishable from sympatric coyotes and red wolf–coyote hybrids. 5 A unique sequence of mitochondrial DNA.
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Continuity Between the Historical Red Wolf Population and Contemporary Managed Populations Morphological analyses suggest a cohesiveness among red wolf specimens from the end of the Pleistocene to the early 1900s, but it remains unclear whether this continuity is shared with the extant captive and managed populations. Genetic continuity between the managed red wolf population and the historical wolf in the eastern United States cannot be firmly established without genomic data from ancient specimens.
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Genomic DNA from historical red wolf specimens could help clarify the issue regarding continuity between historical and extant red wolves. And, more precise genetic analyses might help determine the exact proportion of the red wolf genome that has been replaced by recent admixture.
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