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Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research Proceedings of a Workshop (2019) / Chapter Skim
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5 Marmoset Genomics and Genetic Diversity
Pages 41-50

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From page 41...
... Creating a Complete Genome Assembly Ideally, using any animal as a model organism requires a complete DNA sequence, with little to no missing information. To date, different marmoset genome assemblies have had varying levels of success analyzing the genome (e.g., Sato et al.
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From page 42...
... More than 19,000 protein coding genes and nearly 9,000 non-coding genes have been thus far annotated. Identifying Functionally Significant Variation Genomic sequencing is needed to identify functional variation in study colonies so that animals can be selected for specific experiments based on this information (e.g., knowing the genes involved in genetic or physiological pathways of interest)
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From page 43...
... For instance, a macaque model of colon cancer developed at the MD Anderson Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research revealed clinical characteristics and pathologies similar to those seen in human patients affected by Lynch syndrome. Lynch syndrome, a hereditary form of colon cancer, is found in humans with mutations in DNA-mismatch-repair genes.
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From page 44...
... Kenton Kerns discussed the development of protocols for tracking species survival in tamarins in his role as assistant curator of the small mammal house at the Smithsonian National Zoo. Joanna Malukiewicz, a postdoctoral research associate at the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University and the Federal University of Viçosa in Brazil, discussed the effect of diet on the gut microbiome.
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From page 45...
... An SSP can be restructured for optimal fit to a given population; thus, SSPs can help sustain small animal populations while maintaining and tracking their genetic diversity. Genetic Variation and the Gut Microbiome Protecting population growth alongside genetic diversity is particularly important for animals that experience the same risk of losing diversity in the wild.
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From page 46...
... In line with their nature as gum eaters, Malukiewicz further identified carbohydrate metabolism as the most important metabolic pathway. Genetic Diversity for Marmoset Models of Disease Marmosets could play an integral role in developing a primate disease model for human neuropsychiatric diseases like autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
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From page 47...
... Continuing these genotype and phenotype-driven explorations, brain transcriptome analysis of diseased marmosets will shed light on the molecular basis of neuropsychiatric disease. However, monitoring the genetic variation in marmoset colonies is necessary to ensure success in devising effective marmoset models of disease.
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From page 48...
... The availability of new low-cost, portable genome sequencers is making sequencing increasingly feasible, as well. In addition to greater detail, whole genome sequencing offers the benefit of being able to identify novel variants, whereas SNP-based chips can only identify the variants that are built into the chip.
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From page 49...
... Looking forward, the research community faces a fundamental question: Is the goal to establish research colonies that reflect the genetic diversity of wild populations, or to establish colonies that are well suited for captivity and research activities? Focusing on maintaining colonies that do well in laboratory conditions may inadvertently weed out animals with disease susceptibility that could offer important insights relevant to human diseases.
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From page 50...
... 2015. Resequencing of the common marmoset genome im proves genome assemblies and gene-coding sequence analysis.
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Key Terms

  • genetic variation
  • marmoset genome
  • genome sequencing
  • gut microbiome
  • marmoset colonies

  • maintaining genetic
  • genome assembly
  • research colonies
  • del rosario
  • reference assembly

  • coding genes
  • marmoset genomes
  • primate research
  • marmoset models
  • genome assemblies

  • functional variation
  • human diseases
  • fewer gaps
  • functionally significant
  • breeding strategies

  • lynch syndrome
  • single nucleotide
  • protein coding
  • national zoo
  • analysis consortium

  • dna sequence
  • smithsonian national
  • neuropsychiatric diseases
  • sampling provides
  • species survival


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