Building and Measuring Community Resilience Actions for Communities and the Gulf Research Program (2019) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 11-20
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. The National Research Council's 2012 report Disaster Resilience: A ational N Imperative defined resilience as "the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events" (NRC, 2012, 1; for a list of key terms used in this report, see Box 1-1)
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provide guidance to communities on indi cators or components of a community that could be measured locally; 3) promote checklists or scorecards that centrally assemble indicators or subjects associated with community resilience; or 4)
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A number of federal and state investments and policies have been launched to expand local resilience capacity, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology Community Resilience Planning Guide; the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development programs Rebuild by Design and National Disaster Resilience Competition; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Resilience Grants Program; Federal Emergency Management Agency Hazard Mitigation Planning requirements and Ready.gov resources; and the U.S.
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Qualitative properties are often used to assess underlying processes of community engagement, goal setting, capacities, or overall operation of some specific system such as infrastructure. Though measurement efforts for resilience tend to lean toward quantification, qualitative constructs and data are just as useful in depicting and measuring TABLE 1-1 Examples of Types of Shocks and Stressors Shocks Stressors Chronic Sea level rise, drought, Housing shortages; homelessness; opioid land subsidence epidemic; crime Acute Flood, terrorist attack, hurricane, Loss of employment, loss of health care, earthquake, environmental financial collapse, massive mortgage contamination defaults
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These community dimensions are also referred to as "capitals." The concept of community capitals is grounded in community development and disaster research, and basic forms of capital available in communities include natural, built (physical) , financial (economic)
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, jurisdictional coordination or fragmentation, disaster experience in response and recov ery, mitigation spending, and emergency management capacities. Accounting for these six dimensions provides a more holistic view of community resilience, and the importance of each dimension to a community's ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to
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In addition, effective measures or indicators can be used to improve response and recovery planning; define and prioritize mitigation efforts; and make choices related to policy, insurance pricing, and other investments. Measures can also help allocate resources: In the 2017 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Resilience Grant, "measurable impact" was a key criterion for selecting grant recipients; examples of impact measures included baseline assessments, milestones or demonstrated progress toward goals, and avoided losses.
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It has the enviable combination of time and money to effect change and shape resilience actions over the next quarter century. The complexities of economy, culture, and environment in the Gulf region align well with those of community resilience.
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. The consensus study process adhered to the Federal Advisory Committee Act requirements used for consensus activities with federal sponsors to ensure the committee maintained objectivity and independence in its findings and recommendations.
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ORGANIZATION AND INTENT OF THIS REPORT This report reviews the status of resilience measurement to date and ends with recommendations for the GRP to advance resilience measurement and community resilience in communities on or near the Gulf of Mexico. This report is not a how-to manual on measuring community resilience or a compendium of resilience programs, fundamentals, or principles to successfully carry out measurement.
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