Exploring Lessons Learned from a Century of Outbreaks Readiness for 2030: Proceedings of a Workshop (2019) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
8 Overcoming Impediments to Achieving Greater Preparedness
8 Overcoming Impediments to Achieving Greater Preparedness
Pages 101-120
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 101... ...
He suggested that breaking this cycle is the key to making pandemic preparedness a stable, integrated, and systematic activity, and he explained that the workshop panel would speak to the heart of these issues. The first panelist, Julie Gerberding, executive vice president and chief patient officer at Merck & Co., Inc., discussed strategies for institutionalizing 101
|
From page 102... ...
The session also featured small-group discussions that allowed the public audience to examine potential priorities for systematizing and integrating outbreak and pandemic preparedness. INSTITUTIONALIZING PREPAREDNESS Julie Gerberding, executive vice president and chief patient officer at Merck & Co., Inc., explored strategies for institutionalizing the exercise and practice of preparedness.
|
From page 103... ...
Kolker used the global efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance to illustrate how the United States can play a leadership role in preparedness for pandemic threats and how those efforts can be hampered by a lack of global reach and sustained financial commitment (see Box 8-1)
|
From page 104... ...
role in combating antimicrobial resistance remains important because efforts made at the local, state, and national levels are scrutinized by other countries as a model of sufficient health and scientific standards. He outlined a set of additional areas in which the United States could play a leadership role on the international front.
|
From page 105... ...
MAKING THE CASE FOR LOCAL PREPAREDNESS Suzet McKinney, executive director and chief executive officer of the Illinois Medical District, provided a local-level perspective on preparedness. She said a business case needs to be made for sustainable investment in outbreak preparedness, but this is difficult because of the competing priorities and limited resources at the local and state levels.
|
From page 106... ...
Community engagement is a powerful tool that can help quell panic and chaos during a crisis by increasing compliance with preparedness efforts, such as vaccination, and by helping public health officials understand the unique vulnerabilities within specific communities. McKinney noted that community health workers, faith-based organizations, and communitybased organizations are often considered trusted agents that can also play a role in helping communities understand the importance of preparedness.
|
From page 107... ...
Sands remarked that the global health community is currently focused on collaboration to achieve multiple objectives through different institutions with individual mandates (e.g., the Global Action Plan for Healthy Lives and Well-Being for All1)
|
From page 108... ...
Global health has often encouraged "single issue fundamentalists" who focus exclusively on a given issue, in many cases very successfully, but he urged that pandemic preparedness needs to be situated in the broader context. As Sands suggested, to gain credibility, preparedness should be linked to existing infectious threats (such as malaria)
|
From page 109... ...
Sands agreed that outbreaks are increasing and are not the type of events that occur only once in 100 years. Although efforts to deal with the morbidity and mortality impacts of infectious disease outbreaks have improved, complacency is unacceptable because today's interconnected global economy is more vulnerable to the swift and powerful knock-on economic impacts of events that occur on the other side of the world.
|
From page 110... ...
Sands added that health security capacity building should be integrated with efforts to solve communities' immediate health needs; this type of effort would build trust within communities and would enhance the credibility of health authorities and frontline workers. Peter Daszak, president of EcoHealth Alliance, asked for examples of how the cycle of panic and neglect has been transcended for infectious diseases or other cyclical health threats, perhaps strategies that were institutionalized during one crisis but were designed to last through the next.
|
From page 111... ...
Insurance does not create the right type of incentives for this situation, Sands added, because vulnerable countries will not be able to obtain a sensible price for infectious disease risk; furthermore, any preparedness efforts that do exist are typically donor-funded. He argued that it is not advantageous to have low-resource countries pay expensive premiums for an insurance product -- using money they could be spending on actual risk mitigation -- because insurance, in and of itself, does not mitigate any risk.
|
From page 112... ...
She noted that a recent risk evaluation study of Fortune 500 companies found that many firms that had disclosed significant levels of international sales had not disclosed any risks around disease outbreaks or other public health issues in their 10-K filings. Sands reiterated that much ongoing work could have practical benefits for outbreak preparedness.
|
From page 113... ...
of Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3) , which states the importance of strengthening the capacities of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning risk reduction and for management of national and global health risks.2 The significance of the Global Action Plan for Healthy Lives and Well-Being for All is that the participants will not only pursue their individual mandates but also work together to help other countries deliver on the SDG3 agenda.
|
From page 114... ...
Monique Mansoura, executive director for global health security and biotechnology of MITRE, asked panelists about the sustainability of the business model for companies that make vaccines or other medical countermeasures. Gerberding reported that Merck's experimental Ebola vaccine, which is currently being used in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, was not developed as a commercial opportunity.
|
From page 115... ...
He noted that even the health sector does not appear to be convinced that preparedness warrants significant investment. Garnering investment in preparedness should be feasible, he said, given that $10 trillion is available in the global health sector within the broader frame of the integrated global health agenda.
|
From page 116... ...
SMALL-GROUP DISCUSSIONS: POTENTIAL STRATEGIES TO SYSTEMATIZE AND INTEGRATE PREPAREDNESS For the second half of the session, the audience members assembled in small-table groups to reflect on specific actions and strategies that could be prioritized so outbreak preparedness could become a routine -- and not extraordinary -- part of governmental and other organizational activities at the local, national, global, and private-sector levels. To help spark these discussions, the moderator Jonna Mazet, professor of epidemiology and disease ecology and director of the One Health Institute at University of California, Davis, summarized some key points for ending the cycle of panic and neglect that she captured from the panelists during the first half of the session (see Box 8-2)
|
From page 117... ...
• Publicize data, evidence, and narratives about preparedness in a more compelling way. • Effectively leverage social media to coordinate preparedness efforts.
|
From page 118... ...
Similarly, Emily Erbelding, director of the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, reported that her group focused on the importance of strengthening local capacities, particularly the surge capacity of local health departments, because many departments lack sufficient capacity to conduct day-to-day work. She also noted that some participants in the group discussed day-today surveillance for infectious diseases, outbreak response, and outbreak prevention and debated whether health departments would be better prepared for a crisis if systems were in place to collect metrics from more ypical outbreaks.
|
From page 119... ...
He stressed that efforts should also focus on coalition building and on bringing actors from beyond the health sector to the table for discussions -- for example, engaging with local politicians and decision makers to communicate the benefits of investing in preparedness for that particular community. Finally, Obregon noted the need to use targeted messaging and communication strategies to raise awareness about the potential impact of outbreaks on local communities.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.