School Success An Opportunity for Population Health: Proceedings of a Workshop (2020) / Chapter Skim
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3 Exploring the Role of the Health Sector in Supporting Educational Success and Improving Outcomes
3 Exploring the Role of the Health Sector in Supporting Educational Success and Improving Outcomes
Pages 15-36
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From page 15... ...
. Heidi Schumacher of the District of Columbia Office of the State Superintendent of Education described engaging pediatricians in efforts to address chronic absenteeism, including sharing school attendance data with students' health care providers.
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From page 16... ...
While the reverse connection between health and education might seem obvious, research to understand how health factors impact educational outcomes has essentially only taken place over the past two decades. BOX 3-1 Key Points Made by Individual Speakers • Students dealing with significant health barriers to learning do not have equal access to educational opportunities.
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From page 17... ...
Based on these criteria, Basch selected eight high-prevalence health barriers to learning as strategic priorities: poor vision, poorly controlled asthma, teen pregnancy, aggression and violence, physical inactivity, skipping breakfast and hunger, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) , and oral health problems (see Box 3-2)
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From page 18... ...
in relation to the eight priority health barriers. Sensory Perception • Good vision is key to foundational literacy and numeracy skills, Basch said, and poor visual acuity at a near distance is inversely BOX 3-3 Five Causal Pathways That Affect Educational Outcomes Presented by Charles Basch 1.
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Six of the eight health factors are related to cognition, which demonstrates the multifactorial etiology of educational outcomes. • Visual motor integration (the connections between one's eyes and brain)
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Chronic absenteeism in middle and high school is a strong predictor of high school graduation. Six of the eight health factors also have an effect on absenteeism: asthma, aggression and violence, physical activity, breakfast, ADHD, and oral health problems.
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Schools cannot address health barriers to learning by themselves, Basch concluded. Help is needed from
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She asked about the evidence base for the effectiveness of these types of approaches for improving student health and academic success. Basch said that academic achievement has a multifactorial etiology and that considering individual factors might not demonstrate success.
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Teachers and staff are overwhelmed, Basch added, and there is a need for additional investment in mental health professionals and school health coordinators, as well as linkages to community organizations that provide health services. He expressed disappointment that institutions of higher education, especially colleges of education, have not been more involved in working directly to address health barriers to learning.
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From page 24... ...
USING PUBLIC HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE TOOLS TO SUPPORT EDUCATIONAL SUCCESS Tamayo introduced a series of five presenters who shared five examples of collaboration between the health and education sectors, deploying public health and health care tools to improve not only health status but also educational outcomes. Speakers from Arkansas, California, Maryland, New York, and Washington, DC, shared brief case examples of interventions tackling asthma, immunization, behavior, vision, and overall health.
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The Vision for Baltimore initiative, started in 2016, is a collaboration among the Baltimore City Health Department, Baltimore City Public Schools District, Johns Hopkins University, Vision to Learn (a nonprofit eye exam provider) , and Warby Parker (an eyewear retailer)
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Alameda County's 29 school health centers are a key health initiative, Sakashita stated.1 Each center receives a base allocation of around $100,000 per year, and they are required to provide medical, dental, health education, behavioral health, and youth development services. Sakashita said that a results-based accountability model is used to assess how much was done, how well it was done, and whether anyone is better off as a result.
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Another part of the initiative involved a trauma-informed care study at 15 Oakland school-based health centers. Each school health center implemented its own trauma screening, using a variety of methods.
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School-based programs provide opportunities to identify high-risk children and to build optimized systems of care where children spend most of their day. The Preventive Care Program for Urban Children with Asthma works in partnership with the Rochester, New York, school nurse program.2 Preventive medications are administered to children daily through the school nurse's office, with the possibility of dose adjustments during the year, if needed.
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Washington, DC, public schools sought a way to leverage pediatric health providers in addressing chronic absenteeism. It was determined that an infrastructure was needed where attendance data could be proactively shared between education and health providers.
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Based on this concept, the CARE pilot program was launched at several schools in the DC area in association with several area health care clinics.3 Schools were chosen based on diversity of student demographics and on the willingness of school leadership to invest the resources and staff time needed for the study. Prior to linking the attendance data to the HIE, consent from parents was required under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act.
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From page 31... ...
In 2002, the p Arkansas Department of Health's Local Health Units began conducting community-based influenza vaccination clinics as a way to exercise their county mass dispensing plans as part of preparedness planning for public health emergencies. In 2007, local health units began to partner with local school districts to conduct school-based vaccination clinics each fall.
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From page 32... ...
Leadership for the Vision for Baltimore program, Collins said, included the Baltimore City Health Department, Baltimore City Public Schools District, and Johns Hopkins University coming together to think collectively about the strengths that each could offer in addressing poor vision in school children. She added that stakeholder engagement at every level is as important as leadership.
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From page 33... ...
Sakashita agreed that philanthropy is an important source of funding, but these types of initiatives will not be sustained without public systems owning and buying into them. The school-based health centers in Alameda Country receive an allocation from the Tobacco M aster Settlement Agreement.
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Increased School Revenue from Increased Attendance Jeffrey Levi of The George Washington University observed that many of the interventions discussed result in increased school attendance and asked about any increased attendance-based revenues that school systems have saved or received. Sakashita said that one of the metrics for the school-based health centers is whether clients are sent back to class after being diagnosed and treated.
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From page 35... ...
Schumacher said that because her program is focused on addressing chronic absenteeism specifically, there is a natural buy-in from educators. What has been more of a challenge, she noted, is explaining why the child health community is interested.
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From page 36... ...
Data suggest that the health of the family, and specifically parents' mental health, significantly impacts students' attendance and academic performance, she said. Changing the Culture A participant from the Baltimore City Health Department observed that the focus on educating the whole family on the importance of health in educational success is similar to the work of the World Bank and the World Health Organization on the cost effectiveness of female education and its broader impact on public health.
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