A Research Agenda for Transforming Separation Science (2019) / Chapter Skim
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2 Separation Science Today
2 Separation Science Today
Pages 15-29
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From page 15... ...
. Improving selectivity with in material synthesis and separation processes have been polymers will continue to be valuable in the new era of made in recent decades to improve selectivity.
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. Work on graphene-based materials has hinted sign of separation materials has increased the effectivethat these materials might open avenues for highly selec- ness of separation processes already in use and allowed tive separations (Li et al., 2013)
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. face to mean the area of contact between a bulk phase and In analytical chemistry settings, preconcentration the interfacial region.
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Specifically, a critical aspect of inserting addi A dramatic example of the use of interfacial control tives (for example, zeolites, MCM-41, MOFs, and PIMS) to improve separation processes is the development of into polymers to improve performance involves detailed fouling-resistant membranes for water purification and control of the interactions between the polymers and the protein-resistant membranes for bioseparations.
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representative of separation processes remains challeng- However, efforts to increase membrane flux point to an ing. That challenge has led to the growth of modeling and important caveat: research efforts might be misplaced if simulation of complex liquid interfaces, and this growth they focus on throughput in an idealized setting withhas allowed features of interfacial structure and dynamics out considering the overall set of factors that can control to be correlated with extraction and separation efficacy.
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. Some In addition to new or improved separation materials, of the major advances have been in a field now called innovations in separation processes can increase through- process intensification, which focuses on smaller, cleaner, put.
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It is difficult to determine the fraction of the 3.53 separation process and transformed a waste byproduct into quadrillion BTUs that is used specifically for chemical a highly valued product. During cheese manufacturing, separations because chemical manufacturing facilities milk proteins are precipitated and sent to a cheese produc- are highly integrated, including good heat integration.
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1, is a good example of how large reductions in energy Sustainability in chemical manufacturing is a more use can drive changes in the separation technology that is compelling reason to implement advanced separation installed in new facilities. Technology advances resulted techniques than is the cost reduction due to lower energy in the reduction in the power consumption of the reverse- use, given the complexities outlined above.
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facturing facilities, hazardous waste is a large burden for The widespread implementation of additive manuanalytical laboratories in waste-disposal costs and po- facturing methods, such as three-dimensional printing, tential exposure of personnel. If HPLC instruments were has created many opportunities for chemical separations replaced by ultra HPLC separation technology, the same (Wang et al., 2014; Thakkar et al., 2016; Low et al., 2017)
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The 1987 committee recommended that basic TABLE 2-1 Major Synchrotron and Neutron DOE Scientific User Facilities in Operation in the United States Abbreviation Synchrotron Facility Location SSRL Stanford Synchrotron Light Source SLAC NSLS II National Synchrotron Light Source BNL ALS Advanced Light Source LBNL APS Advanced Photon Source ANL LCLS Linear Coherent Light Source SLAC Abbreviation Neutron Facilities Location SNS Spallation Neutron Source ORNL HFIR High Flux Isotope Reactor ORNL NCNR NIST Center for Neutron Research NIST Abbreviations: ANL, Argonne National Laboratory; BNL, Brookhaven National Laboraotry; LBNL, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology; ORNL, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; and SLAC, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center.
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doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.09.010. TABLE 2-2 DOE and NSF Computing Research Facilities Abbreviation Supercomputers Location ALCF1 Argonne Leadership Computing Facility ANL ESnet1 Energy Sciences Network LBNL NERSC1 National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center LBNL OLCF1 Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility ORNL Linear Coherent Light Source SLAC XSEDE2 Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment Multiple -- 2 Blue Waters U Illinois 1DOE Facility.
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2005. Polymer synthesis in ionic liquids: Free radical de Villiers, A., F
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molecular aspects of stable water-in-oil microemulsions in chemical separations. Ion Exchange and Solvent Ex
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2017. Ionic liquids: Cur Compounds.
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2007. Ionic Liquids in Syn- brane Science 423–424:314–323.
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