Artificial Intelligence Applications for Older Adults and People with Disabilities Balancing Safety and Autonomy: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief (2019) / Chapter Skim
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Artificial Intelligence Applications for Older Adults and People with Disabilities: Balancing Safety and Autonomy: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Artificial Intelligence Applications for Older Adults and People with Disabilities: Balancing Safety and Autonomy: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
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AI has been defined in many different ways, including "artificial intelligence is that activity devoted to making machines intelligent, and intelligence is that quality that enables an entity to function appropriately and with foresight in its environment."1 Hager prefers this definition because in the end, AI is about "how we can build systems that act intelligently in the environment where intelligence really means understanding, predicting, and acting in a thoughtful way -- something that we would ascribe, again, to human intelligence." Hype Cycles Hager noted that AI has had several "hype cycles" wherein expectations in AI escalate and then wane when the limits of technology are reached, leading to cuts in research funding and retrenchment in research. For example, in the 1980s and 1990s, McCarthy's followers figured out how to write expert knowledge into formal languages (i.e., expert systems)
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Additionally, Bard described himself as a user of assisted technology for 32 years after a spinal cord injury led to his quadriplegia. Bard reflected on the technologies that have been most helpful to him, and where he would like to see AI applications progress in the future.
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Finally, Alwan and Bard discussed the need to include users and their caregivers in the design and decision-making processes in the development of new AI applications. CREATING SMART COMMUNITIES Cathy Bodine from the University of Colorado moderated a discussion about the potential for AI to help create smart communities.
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PROMOTING HEALTH AND WELL-BEING AND PROVIDING CARE Robert Jarrin from QualComm Incorporated moderated a panel discussion on the use of AI to promote health and well-being and to provide care. Opportunities and Challenges Jesse Ehrenfeld from the Vanderbilt Medical Center and the American Medical Association's (AMA's)
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Ehrenfeld noted other challenges with the use of AI for diagnosis versus prediction by noting that an AI system may not understand the difference between a person who has shortness of breath and chest pain due to running in the cold versus a person who is having a heart attack. Jarrin added concerns that a number of software functions, including diagnosis, may not be subject to regulatory oversight.
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In part, this was due to the algorithm being based on success rates and metadata of previous candidates who were predominantly male. Workshop participant Margaret Campbell of Campbell and Associates Consulting expressed concern that national studies often have unintended biases because the ways in which data are collected may prevent traditionally marginalized groups from participating.
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Foundation moderated a discussion about how to ensure that the AI applications of today and tomorrow keep the consumer's voice at the center of the design process. Reaching Smaller Populations Jutta Treviranus from the Inclusive Design Research Centre said that her primary interest in AI is not how AI can help people with disabilities, but rather, how people with disabilities can benefit AI.
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She added that it is important "to try to the extent possible to think about the long-term needs of that user and how technology can grow with them and continue to afford benefits as they transition through the continuum of care." Schultz noted their collaboration with a behavioral science team to gather behavioral data to help tailor the consumer's experience with the AI application. Treviranus described a project in which the Veterans Health Administration engaged individuals with disabilities who needed alternative career training to help develop and design products for unmet consumer needs.
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Lauren Shern, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, served as the review coordinator. SPONSORS: This workshop was supported by AARP; Administration for Community Living; Archstone Foundation; American Geriatrics Society; Consumer Technology Association Foundation; The Gerontological Society of America; The John A
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