Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document (2019) / Chapter Skim
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50 A P P E N D I X A Literature Review Summary 1. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
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Literature Review Summary 51 • Materiality: Organizations should select topics material to their organization. Materiality is defined as topics that (1)
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52 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document Source: GRI 101: Foundation (2016)
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Literature Review Summary 53 2. Well Measured: Developing Indicators for Sustainable and Livable Transport Planning Author(s)
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54 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document • Outcomes (ultimate results, such as the number of miles traveled and mode share, average travel speeds, congestion and crowding, number of accidents and casualties, energy consumption, pollution emissions, and user satisfaction)
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Literature Review Summary 55 • Net Effects (indicators differentiate between net [total] impacts and shifts of impacts to different locations and times)
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56 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document 3. Analyzing the Sustainability Performance of Public Transit Author(s)
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Literature Review Summary 57 4. TCRP Report 186: Economic Impact Case Study Tool for Transit Author(s)
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58 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document The case studies first measure gross (pre/post) changes, then estimate net impacts after accounting for underlying pre/post trends economic trends, relative role of the transportation project in a larger package of improvements, and program interventions.
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Literature Review Summary 59 5. Selecting Performance Measures for Transportation Planning: Developing a Facilitator's Toolbox Author(s)
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60 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document 4. The type of performance measure should be considered in determining which measures are most appropriate for a planning organization or level of geography.
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Literature Review Summary 61 6. Final Report: Livability Performance Measures to Transportation Plans and Projects Author(s)
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62 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document • T (Time Sensitive) o Does this better address long- or short-range goals?
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Literature Review Summary 63 with a larger set of measures than if they are engaging with a more comprehensive database (such as the complete Community Vision Metrics Tool)
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64 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document 7. Transportation Performance Management for Livability and Social Sustainability: Developing and Applying a Conceptual Framework Author(s)
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Literature Review Summary 65 outcomes. Essential is "the concept of an organizational influence pathway, which decision-makers must identify and use to clearly link agency actions to the desired outcomes that are addressed by strategic goals" (Fischer 2014, p.
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66 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document 8. NCHRP Report 750: Strategic Issues Facing Transportation, Volume 4: Sustainability as an Organizing Principle for Transportation Agencies Author(s)
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Literature Review Summary 67 • Future sustainability/a sustainable transportation system (current transition) , and • Society-sustainable policy (i.e., triple-bottom-line sustainability)
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68 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document Scenario Model (PRISM) model, a proprietary transportation economic impact model, and HDR's sustainability return on investment (SROI)
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Literature Review Summary 69 9. Community Vision Metrics Tool Author(s)
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70 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document 10. TCRP Report 165: Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual, 3d Ed.
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Literature Review Summary 71 Key Points The manual categorizes transit performance measures into the operator point of view, passenger point of view and vehicle point of view. Service measures are distinguished as a subset of performance measures that represents the passenger's point of view.
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72 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document 11. Blueprint for Sustainability: One Department of Transportation's Pursuit of Performance-Based Accountability Author(s)
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Literature Review Summary 73 Determining what sustainability means for the North Carolina DOT was critical to gaining buy-in. The working group initially defined the following four areas of emphasis (p.
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74 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document performance measures are publicly available on the agency's website via an interactive organizational performance dashboard: https://www.ncdot.gov/about-us/our-mission/Perform ance/Pages/default.aspx. The authors of the paper identified the following lessons learned (pp.
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Literature Review Summary 75 Abstract This accessible and lay reader-friendly report reviews the state of economic analysis practice at several state DOTs around the country. Its relatively non-technical approach may make it a suitable study for DOT managers and decision-makers who desire an overview of transportation and economic development, including gaps in practice.
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76 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document Many states factor economic outcomes into transportation planning and decision-making. The study summarizes survey results that indicated that nine states reported varying use of performance measures in agency performance tracking and long-range planning.
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Literature Review Summary 77 Of interest is a table highlighting the usefulness of data sources and tools (including Census Transportation Planning Products, NEPA analysis, TREDIS) in addressing social and economic outcomes.
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78 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document 13. TCRP Web-Only Document 56: Methodology for Determining the Economic Development Impacts of Transit Projects Author(s)
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Literature Review Summary 79 Key Points This research might best be used by a relatively large transit agency with a fairly mature transit system including a rail component. The United Kingdom and Australia would be good resources for transit agencies looking to inform an analysis of transit's economic impact, as this research suggests a mature body of practice in both countries.
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80 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document 14. NCHRP Report 708: A Guidebook for Sustainability Performance Measures for Transportation Agencies Author(s)
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Literature Review Summary 81 The report also cautions agencies to consider the type of performance measure during the selection process. Some measures may closely reflect actions taken by the agency (e.g., process measures)
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82 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document 15. Evaluating Transportation Economic Development Impacts -- Understanding How Transport Policy and Planning Decisions Affect Employment, Incomes, Productivity, Competitiveness, Property Values, and Tax Revenues Author(s)
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Literature Review Summary 83 • Investment, • Profitability, • Property values, • Business activity (sales) , • Tax revenues, • Affordability, • Equity, and • Desired (social)
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84 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document is the notion that a net reduction in VMT may not be the most economically beneficial objective, and instead a reduction in VMT by class of trip (e.g., under five miles per trip, over 4,000 miles per year) might be a more appropriate objective.
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Literature Review Summary 85 16. Dallas Area Rapid Transit: Telling Our Sustainability Story (Presentation)
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86 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document Key Points DART provides a great example of using a methodical, collaborative process to identify goals, objectives and performance measures. Because DART has just implemented this new sustainability approach, it is not yet possible to evaluate how successful the performance measurement program has been for the agency.
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Literature Review Summary 87 17. Smart Links, Liveable Cities: 2017 Sustainability Report Author(s)
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88 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document 18. SEP-TAINABLE Author(s)
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Literature Review Summary 89 19. TransLink 2017 Accountability Report: Creating a More Livable Region Author(s)
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90 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document 20. BART Sustainability Action Plan: Final Report and Transit-Oriented Development Policy Performance Measures and Targets Author(s)
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Literature Review Summary 91 performance measures are identified in the report for each action item. The plan references that the BART operations department reports quarterly on a variety of safety and performance indicators.
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92 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document 21. CSR Report 2017 Author(s)
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Literature Review Summary 93 22. Transit Advisory Committee for Safety (TRACS)
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94 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document • Easily understood by those who collect and analyze them, • Capable of data quality control and verification, and • Manageable in terms of the total set of measures, metrics and indicators. The committee recommends using a combination of leading (also referred to as input)
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Literature Review Summary 95 • Providing guidance and clarity to transit agencies on requirements for collection of safety performance measures while considering differences in size and mode of agencies; • Continuing to collect security-related event data; • Increased granularity of reportable data; • Developing new reporting systems; and • Providing guidance and clarity on requirements for collection of safety performance measures. Key Points All agencies collect minimum safety data to meet current FTA and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
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96 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document 23. How Is Metro Measuring Up?
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Literature Review Summary 97 24. Caltrans Strategic Management Plan, 2015–2020 Author(s)
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98 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document Key Points The Caltrans Strategic Plan provides a good example of a well-developed set of agency goals with corresponding performance measures. However, the fact that Caltrans has yet to develop the accessibility, livability, prosperity, and resiliency performance metrics underscores the difficulty in establishing a methodology to assign scores to these livability factors.
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Literature Review Summary 99 25. King County Metro 2014 Sustainability Plan Progress Report Author(s)
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100 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document 26. Social Sustainability Guidelines and Metrics for Transportation in Louisville: A Proposal for TARC's APTA Sustainability Commitment Author(s)
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Literature Review Summary 101 27. Sustainability Report 2013 Author(s)
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102 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document 28. Sustainability Reporting Handbook Author(s)
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Literature Review Summary 103 The handbook includes several appendices, including an indicator metadata sheet. The following table presents an example from the handbook that demonstrates the standard format and layout of the metadata sheets: Source: TransLink (2011)
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104 Social and Economic Sustainability Performance Measures for Public Transportation: Final Guidance Document 29. Ten Years of Transparency: The Role of Performance Reporting at WSDOT -- Overview and Lessons Learned, 2001-2011 Author(s)
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Literature Review Summary 105 for non-experts -- whether elected, citizen-stakeholders, or others -- to easily grasp the findings and trends. Key Points The lessons learned from WSDOT, long a leader in performance management among state DOTs, include the importance of clear communication to support and expand a performance management program.
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