Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2, A Guidebook for Airports (2019) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 33-45
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From page 33... ...
33 3.1 Introduction -- What Is a Wetland? Many regional systems have been developed for classifying waterbodies and vegetated wetlands.
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34 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports 3.2 Wetland Impacts The goal of a wetland delineation is to identify the presence and extent of wetlands and waters of the U.S. Identifying and quantifying the extent of jurisdictional wetlands and waters is the necessary first step in project planning, a goal of which is to avoid, minimize, and quantify the potential effects associated with a proposed project.
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From page 35... ...
Wetland Identification and Impacts 35 • Aquatic and wildlife diversity/abundance -- wetlands are important for maintaining low flows essential to fisheries and maintaining vegetation and drinking water for wildlife. Wildlife examples include salmon spawning, keeping water free from ice for waterfowl in winter, providing waterfowl breeding habitat, and harboring a disproportionate amount of rare plants.
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36 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports A portion of open ocean with bedrock substrate that is always submerged would be classified as follows: • System: Marine (M) ; • Subsystem: Subtidal (1)
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Wetland Identification and Impacts 37 3.6 Riverine System Riverine wetlands, examples shown in Table 3-3, and deepwater habitats are generally contained within a channel. They are freshwater habitats (salinity less than 0.5 percent)
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38 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports Habitat Description System Subsystem Class Subclass Classification Shallow freshwater river with mud substrate that is affected by the tide Riverine Tidal Unconsolidated Bottom Mud R1UB3 Shallow, slowmoving perennial canal with submerged vegetation Riverine Lower Perennial Aquatic Bed Rooted Vascular R2AB3 Intermittent shallow mountain stream with rubble substrate Riverine Intermittent Streambed Rubble R4SB2 Deep freshwater river with mud substrate that is affected by the tide Riverine Tidal Unconsolidated Bottom Mud R1UB3 Deep freshwater creek with low gradient (gentle slope) and sand bottom Riverine Lower Perennial Unconsolidated Bottom Sand R2UB2 Deep freshwater river with high gradient (steep slope)
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From page 39... ...
Wetland Identification and Impacts 39 or nontidal, but salinity is less than 0.5 percent. Ponds may be included in the Lacustrine System if they meet the requirements of this system.
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40 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports saturated, but rarely have pools of open water. Vegetation is usually composed of herbaceous non-grassy plants such as grasses, sedges, and forbs (MSU 2017)
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Wetland Identification and Impacts 41 Figure 3-3. Forested wetlands: McEntire AFB, lake on north end.
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42 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports creeks and are flooded when the river rises, and sloughs often carry a shallow sheet flow of water through the landscape. 3.9 Unique and/or Vulnerable Communities Habitats that are considered unique and/or vulnerable will vary based on the region of the country.
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Wetland Identification and Impacts 43 3.9.6 Wet Pine Savannahs (Pine Barrens) Wet pine savannahs occur in the Gulf and Atlantic coastal plains.
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44 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports herbaceous vegetation, shrubs, or trees. Therefore, a Carolina bay wetland could be classified as a deepwater habitat or a wetland habitat in the Lacustrine System, or as one or more wetland types in the Palustrine System.
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From page 45... ...
Wetland Identification and Impacts 45 Habitat require consultation with USFWS. Since many federally listed species depend on wetlands and deepwater habitats, designated Critical Habitat areas around the country include various waters and wetlands.
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