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5 Quantum Sensors
Pages 34-43

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From page 34...
... QUANTUM SENSORS, IMAGING, AND LITHOGRAPHY Philip Hemmer, Texas A&M University Hemmer's work, involving the fabrication of fluorescent color centers in diamonds to advance molecular imaging, highlights key challenges and opportunities in quantum sensing, imaging, and lithography applications. Materials Drive Progress Having the right materials strongly influences progress toward quantum technology applications.
From page 35...
... Materials Challenges and Solutions Unfortunately, in the midst of this exciting research, funding disappeared, materials improvement plateaued, and much of the materials work went overseas. There, researchers were able to accomplish teleportation with NV,7 while in the United States NV research progressed slowly.
From page 36...
... Toward this end, Hemmer and collaborators devised a way to improve magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using an NV to detect changes in the magnetic field produced by nearby electron or nuclear spins in the presence of a nanoscale magnetic gradient.9,10 One problem with this method, however, was that it was done on a bulk crystal, but defects in nanodiamonds that trap electron spins prevent the observation of nuclear spins in live cells.
From page 37...
... agencies may be more willing to fund this kind of research going forward. QUANTUM TRANSDUCERS ON INTEGRATED PHOTONIC PLATFORMS Mohammad Soltani, Raytheon BBN Technologies Soltani highlighted quantum research being pursued at Raytheon BBN Technologies in photonics, superconducting qubits, and particularly in the area of quantum transducers and integrated photonic platforms, and described future research directions.
From page 38...
... SC Quantum Technology Optical Quantum Technology Qubit operation frequency 5-10 GHz 193 THz Operation Temperature 10 mK Room temperature Single photon nonlinearity Strong (enables high fidelity gates) Weak Quantum memory Yes (tens of microseconds and more)
From page 39...
... Furthermore, the pump power required is more than a dilution refrigerator can handle, causing it to overheat and break the superconducting regime. Despite these drawbacks, this research is still advancing the overall field, and whispering-gallery-mode electro-optic resonators have enabled the team to achieve efficient coupling of light from silicon waveguides to resonators.11 On an additional path, Soltani's group, in collaboration with Harvard University, showed that it was possible to generate more efficient and low-noise ­electro-optic quantum transduction using compact integrated electro-optic coupled resonators.12 Harvard researchers have experimentally demonstrated integrated nanophotonic electro-optic resonators on a chip with quality factors of 10 million, a significant improvement resulting in much higher g factors.13 Those results made it possible to couple a nanophotonic resonator with doublet resonance integrated with a microwave resonator, providing an ultracompact, triply resonant system with enhanced g and suppressed lower sideband, which is the noise.
From page 40...
... Broadly speaking, key capabilities of interest moving forward include achieving large g factors; high transducer efficiency, scalability, and high thermal/mechanical stability; and tunability; the desired range for required optical resonator Q, required microwave resonator Q, and optical pump power; and high fidelity of transferred Fock state, all without any suspended components. Soltani said developing integrated photonics at cryogenics is a key enabler to all of these features, and indeed to many other quantum technologies.
From page 41...
... researchers are making strides, frequently working with materials produced abroad. Awschalom highlighted the Petta Physics Laboratory at Princeton University and the Eriksson Physics Laboratory at the University of Wisconsin, which have both used silicon, germanium, and other well-known standard device materials to demonstrate high-fidelity single qubit gates, tunable electron states, and prototype quantum gates.
From page 42...
... Despite multiple recent advances, scaling demonstrations do not reliably yield adequate levels of quantum control, and it is not yet possible to create quantum states on demand at specific device locations. Experiments in this area include advancing instrumentation, which is critical to progress, and have even shown the potential for implanting a single ion, demonstrating a promising technique that could lead to single-ion quantum state devices soon.19 The absence of adequate quantum transduction is another challenge, as it is also essential for scaling and moving quantum states off-chip, Awschalom said.
From page 43...
... Sensing and imaging represent an important component of quantum technology, and can yield important applications in sensitive detection of magnetic fields, electric fields, and temperature. Researchers are also exploring nanoscale nuclear MRI for proton imaging, chemical contrast imaging, and site-specific imaging of nuclear species, with the goal of driving this technique to the level of single molecules.


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