Domestic Manufacturing Capabilities for Critical DoD Applications Emerging Needs in Quantum-Enabled Systems: Proceedings of a Workshop (2019) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
6 Panel Discussions
6 Panel Discussions
Pages 44-66
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 44... ...
QUBIT-ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES AND MANUFACTURING ISSUES Stephen Rossnagel, University of Virginia, and Rudy Wojtecki, IBM, introduced three panelists invited to address qubit-enabling technologies and manufacturing issues: William Oliver, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) ; Joseph Broz, SRI International; and Jerry Chow, IBM Research.
|
From page 45... ...
Joseph Broz, SRI International In addition to his role at SRI International, Broz serves as executive director of the Quantum Economic Development Consortium (QED-C) , an industry group focused on identifying and addressing gaps in enabling quantum technology, creating a robust supply chain and infrastructure, and developing commercially viable and scalable quantum-enabling technologies.
|
From page 46... ...
Quantum computing fuels and appeals to a broad ecosystem of inter ests, ranging from academics in many different disciplines to corporations curious about how they can harness and apply quantum technologies. To foster that cor porate curiosity, IBM created the "Q Network," which allows member companies to learn about quantum computing and prepare themselves for its arrival.
|
From page 47... ...
Chow agreed that core materials challenges are limiting progress, and suggested that experimentation with multiple materials would open new opportunities for innovation. Broz suggested that materials scientists could try reducing the number of variables by creating a basic, simpler model that optimizes fidelity and coherence time, analogous to the genetics community's decision to use the fruit fly as a key model organism.
|
From page 48... ...
It makes more budgetary sense to have a few shared and centralized advanced fabrication facilities to support research activities across multiple laboratories that specialize in higher-complexity devices, and to complement the exploratory, fundamental research being performed at many facilities. Broz agreed, noting that such a system would work not only for producing qubits but also for many of the potential enabling technologies.
|
From page 49... ...
In addition to creating a workforce pipeline, he noted that QED-C seeks to improve the quantum literacy of the existing engineering and applied sciences workforce. Oliver described MIT's Center for Quantum Engineering, which aims to serve existing quantum information systems workers in addition to graduate students and postdocs.
|
From page 50... ...
The panelists offered brief opening thoughts before Elias Towe, Carnegie Mellon University, moderated a wide-ranging discussion. Pat Gumann, IBM Research Gumann said that other nations are pursuing research and development in quantum communications and quantum networking more aggressively than the United States and that in his view U.S.
|
From page 51... ...
Nolan, 2018, Er3+-doped Y O transparent 2 3 ceramic for quantum memory applications, Proceedings Volume 10771, Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging XVI, 1077109, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2320693.
|
From page 52... ...
Kwiat pointed to a number of technology gaps including the lack of quantum repeaters, low-loss switches, integrated photonics, compact sources of pure and entangled photons, and photon detection methods without absorption ("quan tum nondemolition" measurements)
|
From page 53... ...
Gumann added that current quantum communication systems have physical constraints, and overcoming them will require individual quantum computers connected via a quantum network, something still a long way away. Establishing blind quantum computing could help, but that requires transduction devices, which are also a long way away.
|
From page 54... ...
A participant asked if cross-country quantum communications would require its own dedicated network. Gray answered that sending quantum and classical data on the same fiber creates noise and cross talk on the quantum channel that degrades performance, and successful long-distance QKD experiments used a single quantum channel on fiber because the cross talk limits the distances that are possible.
|
From page 55... ...
How can the United States encourage cross-discipline, industry-wide access to needed technology or components? For example, trapped ions are created with deep UV lasers, which are not broadly useful enough to be commercially viable but are still a critical resource for quantum technology.
|
From page 56... ...
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GAPS, IMPLEMENTATION, CHALLENGES, AND SCALABLE MANUFACTURING ISSUES Robert Hull, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, introduced the panelists for the workshop's final panel discussion: Greg Boebinger, National High Magnetic Field
|
From page 57... ...
Quantum spin systems can greatly impact quantum computing, and frustrated electrons in particular present a new frontier in thermoelectric materials and applications of quantum entanglement. Frustrated electrons are electrons arranged in a lattice such that their magnetic fields cannot arrange into a pattern to make the lowest-energy alignment, a situation called "magnetic frustration." For example, electrons on a triangular lattice can form a liquid of spins, in which the excitations carry spin but no charge, meaning that they transport entropy without creating an electrical current.
|
From page 58... ...
In Gopinath's laboratory, research on Ge-Se-Sb/S devices are addressing some of the problems in generating entangled photons, and optical orbital angular momentum is also promising for quantum systems.10,11 In addition, potentially game-changing research from the Bank and Campbell groups is demonstrating the possibility of room-temperature detection and low-noise III-V avalanche photo diodes (APD) alloys, she noted.12 Michael Liehr, AIM Photonics AIM Photonics is a nonprofit industrial-scale microelectronics and integrated photonics development facility, full-service integrative photonics provider, and specialty, low-volume foundry.
|
From page 59... ...
AIM Photonics' quantum group can build and is developing superconducting qubits, single-photon detectors, and workable materials useful for quantum qubits, detectors, and signal transduction, such as niobium nitride and aluminum nitride, Liehr said. They have also had success with magnetic and superconducting materials, and plan to fabricate quantum dot lasers, low-loss waveguides, and other design elements.
|
From page 60... ...
Liehr added that quantum technology is in a very exciting phase right now, and while researchers may be able to predict some near-term applications, it is the ones that are not seen that could be the true game-changers. Mohammad Soltani, Raytheon BBN Technologies, suggested that the lack of clarity for quantum sensors was a barrier for identifying specific applications, be cause except in a few cases, like atomic clocks, it is unclear what they will replace or improve.
|
From page 61... ...
However, national security is a unifying bipartisan issue, and a convincing national security argument can be made for quantum technology. Another participant noted that the space race was spurred by public fear inspired by Sputnik, suggesting that a similar threshold, such as China establishing secure quantum communications, could inspire a similar fear.
|
From page 62... ...
Broz noted that QED-C, with government support, intends to engage the academic community, standards developers, foreign and domestic supply chain manufacturers, and professional societies on the problems this burgeoning field faces, and expand QED-C's scope to potentially resemble a SEMATECH-like entity, with an emphasis on domestic manufacturing of quantum-enabling technologies. Another participant suggested a DARPA-like Grand Challenge could be used to define quantum, identify DoD applications, and determine which roadblocks to tackle.
|
From page 63... ...
WRAP-UP DISCUSSION Workshop chair Haydn Wadley moderated the final portion of the workshop, a wrap-up discussion reflecting on the entire 2-day meeting. Participants explored several themes: getting to quantum communications, the need for collaboration, critical weaknesses, qubit device ideas, scalability, and supply chain needs.
|
From page 64... ...
For example, if the goal is atomic systems for quantum networking, computing, and gravita tional sensing, those depend on very narrow line width atomic transitions that are manipulable using radiant coherent sources. However, there is a severe shortage of suitable lasers available, with most sourced from overseas.
|
From page 65... ...
Supply Chain Needs Wadley noted the issue of supply chain gaps and invited Broz to share industry's view of supply chain needs, using the superconducting qubit as an example.
|
From page 66... ...
While this list is different from what an academic might need -- largely because these components have to be manufacturable -- it is still beneficial to understand how industry views the enabling technology, fabrication, and materials challenges, Broz noted. On the positive side, he noted his view that AIM Photonics is servic ing this new industry very well, the advances with photonics are very promising, and the emerging 5G industry could provide dual-use opportunities for pulse generators for superconducting qubit technologies.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.