Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two Final Report (2020) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 10-16
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. Given the connection between fuel economy and GHG emissions, a coordinated approach to fuel economy and GHG standards would reduce regulatory costs and 1 These timing requirements only apply to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
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DOT = Department of Transportation, EISA = Energy Independence and Security Act, EPA = Environmental Protection Agency, GHG = greenhouse gas, MHDV = medium- and heavy-duty vehicle, MY = model year, NAS = National Academy of Sciences, NHTSA = National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, NRC = National Research Council. burdens and minimize inconsistent regulatory requirements by allowing manufacturers to build one set of vehicles to comply with both sets of standards.
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NHTSA and EPA estimate that these more stringent Phase II standards would, over the course of the program through 2027, conserve approximately 1.8 billion barrels of oil and cut GHG emissions by approximately 1 billion metric tons, cumulative. Figure 1-2 provides a schematic of the different phases of the regulation, the model year vehicles included, and the types of MHDVs that are considered in the standards.
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The committee's work has focused on addressing the technological and regulatory issues related to future regulatory activities regarding MHDV fuel efficiency and GHG emissions, including a potential third phase of rulemakings in the future. The committee's work was directed at, and guided by, the committee's statement of task reproduced in Box 1-1.
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2. Analyze and provide options for improvements to the certification and compliance procedures for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, including the use of representative test cycles and simulation using the Environmental Protection Agency's Greenhouse Gas Emissions Model (EPA's GEM)
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10. Review the potential impacts of fuel-consumption-reduction technologies on medium- and heavy duty vehicle safety including aerodynamic components, wide-based wheels and tires, tire pressure monitoring and automatic inflation systems, hybridization and alternative fuels, combination vehicles and higher gross vehicle weight ratings, lightweighting, idle reduction and stop-start, and others.
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Projected Benefits of Technologies on Fuel Consumption 4, 5, & 12 7. Hybrid and Electric Powertrain Technologies 6 8.
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