Promoting Positive Adolescent Health Behaviors and Outcomes Thriving in the 21st Century (2020) / Chapter Skim
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5 Recommendations and Promising Approaches
5 Recommendations and Promising Approaches
Pages 143-156
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From page 143... ...
targeted by the committee for our program review. Chapter 4 then responds to the central charge to this committee -- to use the optimal health framework to analyze the core components of programs found to be effective in preventing unhealthy risk behaviors among adolescents.
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We conclude with the following two promising approaches that, based on a broader examination of the contemporary research literature, represent significant opportunities for program improvement: • policies and practices focused on inclusiveness and equity, and • involvement of diverse youth in all decisions for youth programs. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESEARCH The two recommendations that respond to our charge to provide a research agenda incorporating a focus on optimal health for youth address (1)
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Weikart Center for Youth Program Quality conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify high-quality practices that could be used by youth workers to promote positive outcomes among youth in after-school programs. Applying the results of this research, they created the Youth Program Quality Assessment, which can be used to measure program quality and identify staff training needs (NASEM, 2019a)
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fund research focused on further exploring the use of core components approaches to identify the components of effective programs that promote adolescent health and test whether those components do in fact result in better health outcomes. If so, these components could be used to develop shorter and more focused interventions that would be (1)
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From page 147... ...
Appendix C shows the comparable items on the YRBS and NSFG, which can be used to identify appropriate oral and anal sex questions as well as example definitions for each of these behaviors. Thus, by implementing the aforementioned changes to the sampling design and sexual behavior items, the YRBS will be able to provide estimates that are more (1)
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From page 148... ...
Department of Health and Human Services should fund universal, holistic, multicomponent programs that meet all of the following criteria: • promote and improve the health and well-being of the whole erson, laying the foundation for specific, developmentally appro p priate behavioral skills development; • begin in early childhood and are offered during critical develop mental windows, from childhood throughout adolescence; • consider adolescent decision making, exploration, and risk taking as normative; • engage diverse communities, public policy makers, and societal leaders to improve modifiable social and environmental determi nants of health and well-being that disadvantage and stress young people and their families; and • are theory driven and evidence based.
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Therefore, instead of conceptualizing all risk taking as negative, it is important to acknowledge its developmental purpose and provide opportunities for adolescents to take healthy risks that will help them learn, grow, and thrive. Our recommendation for OASH programs also reflects the critical importance of reducing health disparities and promoting health equity by targeting the social determinants of health that disadvantage marginalized communities.
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PROMISING APPROACHES As stated earlier, the committee's ability to identify core components of programs was hindered by the limited number of studies in the literature that were designed to examine the effectiveness of specific components. However, in line with the charge in our statement of task to identify promising elements of youth-focused programs, we are suggesting two approaches that deserve meaningful attention in the design, implementation, and evaluation of adolescent health programs.
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From page 151... ...
Although our review of programs as documented in Chapter 4 yielded some evidence that a supportive and inclusive culture improves program effectiveness, the extent to which programs included in our review had such policies or used such practices was rarely if ever measured. We recognize, however, that the limited evidence from our review is due more likely to the constraints of our statement of task and our systematic review methodology than to the relevance of these policies and practices for youth programs.
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If they become engaged in policy making, youth can openly express their preferences and needs. Evidence from community-based participatory research demonstrates that engaging target populations as full and equal partners ensures that their needs, preferences, and values are reflected in policies and programs designed to impact their well-being (Holkup et al., 2004; Murry and Brody, 2004; Wallerstein et al., 2015)
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By involving youth in its decision-making processes, OASH can capitalize on their knowledge and experiences to improve its youth-focused programs while also providing positive youth development opportunities for the young people involved in this process. REFERENCES Anderson, M
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. Does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Youth Risk Behavior Survey underreport risky sexual behavior?
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. Continuous Quality Improvement in Afterschool Settings: Impact Findings from the Youth Program Quality Intervention Study.
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Campbell Systematic Reviews, 8, 61. Wyatt, Z
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