The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Pages 25-81

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 25... ... 25 This section explains the emergency planning process and the all-hazards approach to emergency management; it also emphasizes that the process is a continuous one, not something done once and then shelved. In the overall emergency management, risk management, all-hazards approach, the state transportation agency has two distinct roles: (1) Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... 26 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies 10. Planning includes senior officials throughout the process to ensure both understanding and approval. Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 27 CPG 101, Version 2, also describes other plans besides the EOP to fully address the Prevent, Protect, Mitigate, Respond and Recover programmatic areas: "Joint Operational Plans or Regional Coordination Plans typically involve multiple levels of government to address a specific incident or a special event. These plans should be developed in a manner consistent with CPG 101, Version 2.0, and included as an annex or supplemental plan to the EOP, depending on the subject of the plan. Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... 28 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies correcting identified deficiencies; and plans for procuring, retrofitting, or building facilities and equipment that could withstand the effects of the hazards facing the jurisdiction." (Key elements of preparedness plans are addressed in the Preparedness section.) "Continuity plans outline essential functions that must be performed during an incident that disrupts normal operations and the methods by which these functions will be performed. Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 29 planning and capabilities. Because the planning and preparedness phases are perhaps the best way to maximize the success and safety of the response and recovery efforts, these sections provide greater detail. Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... 30 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies to natural disasters (as well as no-notice evacuations, shelter-in-place, or quarantine in response to biological outbreaks, large-scale hazardous chemical releases, and WMD threats) , the need for planning at the agency level also increases. Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 31 The following subsections provide updated guidance to state transportation agencies pertaining to the most recent federal emergency planning policies and resources, including the all-hazards approach to emergency management required by NIMS and the NRF. Appendix A4 includes self-assessment checklists related to each step. Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... 32 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies top-down perspective, but the agency's EOP will have more details and probably a broader set of partners -- more locally oriented -- than the state EOP. Typical stakeholders are identified in Section 5. Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 33 PLAN Phase 03: Issue Mission Statement for the Planning Team Purpose. Clarify the purpose of the state transportation agency's emergency planning function. Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... 34 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies and threats. Some degree of research and analysis must be performed at the state transportation agency level to (1) Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 35 Actions. Work with the state NIMS coordinator to identify state transportation agency requirements for addressing statewide NIMS implementation. Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... 36 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies demographics of seniors and vulnerable populations; and the special equipment and services necessary to evacuate, shelter-in-place, or quarantine these citizens safely. Actions. Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 37 Step 4 -- Determine Goals and Objectives CPG 101, Version 2.0, defines goals as ". Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... 38 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies Step 5 -- Plan Development Once possible hazards and threats have been identified, the state transportation agency's planning team should develop the plan. The team will need to analyze the courses of action necessary to respond to each hazard and threat. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 39 PLAN Phase 16: Identify Resources Needed to Support State Transportation Agency's Emergency Response Activities Purpose. Ensure adequate resources are available for emergency response efforts. Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... 40 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies addressed and accepted at the state level. It is important that all involved in emergency management use NIMS resource typing to ensure consistency with standard resource definitions to receive timely responses to fulfill the request from other states or FEMA. Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 41 com munication through multiple stages of an event. It is intended for use in planning and could be one of the tools used in an Intelligence and Information Exchange Workshop. Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... 42 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies – Job aids to provide detailed checklists or other aids for job performance or job training for the transportation-related elements specified in the state EOP and Hazard-Specific Annexes – Criteria for the reporting, and (particularly) verifying incidents reported by motorists or other citizens, including information received from specially trained individuals, such as road watch, volunteer spotter, and other probe programs (including transit vehicle operators) Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 43 Focus. Review and evaluate the EOP to determine its adequacy, feasibility, acceptability, completeness, and compliance with applicable guidance or regulatory requirements. Read the entire page →
From page 44... ... 44 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies for making changes and revisions to the plans. Ensure the plans are signed by the agency's chief executive and his or her executive management team, particularly by regional or district leadership in decentralized agencies. Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 45 Actions. Establish minimum timeframes for review as well as the specific events (i.e., update of the state EOP, change of personnel, provision of new or additional resources, issuance of new regulatory requirements, change in regional demographics or hazard profile) Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... 46 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies The top NPG priorities are to implement the NIMS and the NRF, expand regional collaboration, and implement a NIPP. It is also the priority of the NPG to strengthen the following: • Information sharing and collaboration capabilities • Interoperable communications capabilities • CBRNE detection, response, and decontamination capabilities • Medical surge and mass prophylaxis (i.e., disease prevention) Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 47 first issued on December 17, 2003, states have worked to develop and implement required standards and metrics and have developed strategies consistent with the NPG to plan and prepare for, respond to, and recover from emergency events. In doing so, many states have established specific preparedness measures that state transportation agencies must meet (typically identified in the state EOP. Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... 48 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies transportation-related elements specified in the state EOP. Supporting actions may include the following: • Use the state/territory response asset inventory for intra- and interstate mutual aid (such as EMAC) Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 49 PREPARE Phase 03: Develop Approach to Provide State Transportation Agency Critical Services during Emergencies Purpose. Develop COOP and COG plans to define activities that must be performed if an emergency event affects access to essential operating and maintenance facilities, vehicle fleets, systems, and senior management and technical personnel. Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... 50 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies and roadway management strategies, resource typing, modeling, and regional coordination. It follows the CPG 101, Version 2.0, (2010) Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 51 • Determine policies for containing agricultural emergencies, such as traffic control if stop- movement, shelter-in-place, or quarantine operations are necessary, as a result of the deliberate or accidental introduction of foreign plant or animal diseases into the U.S. food supply system. Read the entire page →
From page 52... ... 52 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies personnel should have proper training to know how to mobilize them. Scalability means that systems can be readily expanded to support any incident regardless of type or severity. Read the entire page →
From page 53... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 53 • Identify single points of contact, with back-ups, in all jurisdictions and agencies for communications, including the protocols for which to contact under what conditions. • Define when evacuation personnel are to be notified of a possible evacuation, shelter-in-place, or quarantine order prior to its execution. Read the entire page →
From page 54... ... 54 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies • Develop agreements with traffic reporting services. • Provide protocols and guidance to these services for involving them in informing the public. Read the entire page →
From page 55... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 55 development of an evacuation plan that complements a jurisdiction's emergency response plans" (FHWA 2006b) Read the entire page →
From page 56... ... 56 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies teams may be required. Ensure that potential team members are trained, qualified, and certified as necessary on equipment they will be using. Read the entire page →
From page 57... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 57 • Review transportation segments to establish capacity; evacuated, sheltered-in-place, and quarantined population location distribution; potential sheltering and care destinations; distance between these locations; and parallel routes for each identified hazard. • Develop multiple local flow (feeder) Read the entire page →
From page 58... ... 58 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies PREPARE Phase 09: Develop Traffic Management Plans and Protocols to Be Used during Evacuation, Shelter-in-Place, and Quarantine and to Respond to Emergency Events Purpose. Ensure the state transportation agency has plans and procedures for managing traffic during emergencies and responding to emergencies requiring activation of the state EOC (e.g., predesignated traffic control points (TCPs) Read the entire page →
From page 59... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 59 • Identify corridors equipped with traffic signal preemption for use by emergency vehicles. • Identify emergency turnarounds, including median breaks and crossovers, to allow emergency response and highway operations personnel to turn around between interchanges. Read the entire page →
From page 60... ... 60 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies congestion issues that may occur during the evacuation, shelter-in-place, or quarantine. Emergency evacuation plans (or shelter-in-place or quarantine plans) Read the entire page →
From page 61... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 61 • Mobilization plans should also ensure the security of staging areas, TMCs, Traffic Control Centers (TCCs) , EOCs, and emergency personnel. Read the entire page →
From page 62... ... 62 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies • Strive to make training relevant, interactive, and specific to real-world problems. Much learning can occur through instructor−student and student−student interactions. Read the entire page →
From page 63... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 63 strengths and weaknesses. Assess exercises on the task, organization, and mission levels. Read the entire page →
From page 64... ... 64 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies compatibility of resources." By identifying resource requirements and joint planning for resource acquisition prior to an incident, agencies will be prepared to address resource needs when an incident occurs. Estimating resource needs requires the state transportation agency to ask: What types of events should the agency prepare for? Read the entire page →
From page 65... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 65 Coordination Council, and International Municipal Signal Association. Note that training and practice can also take place through actual events. Read the entire page →
From page 66... ... 66 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies • Situational awareness technologies, tools, and weather sensors • Road Weather Information System (RWIS) and other technologies to obtain better information about the situation and share relevant information • Premobilization inspection of vehicles and equipment • Mapping of historic damages to show repetitive losses • GPS and automated vehicle location (AVL) Read the entire page →
From page 67... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 67 It is recognized that the size and location of the emergency event will greatly affect the number and types of agencies involved in the response effort. A crash involving an overturned tractor-trailer that blocks traffic on one of the state's main interstates, for example, will obviously require different response actions than the response to a large-scale terrorist attack or the threat of an impending hurricane. Read the entire page →
From page 68... ... 68 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies operating procedures, traffic control, and management protocols, and other plans and procedures that guide the agency's response activities. RESPOND Phase 02: Assess Status of Transportation Infrastructure Purpose. Read the entire page →
From page 69... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 69 contained in situation reports, relay specific information about resources. Based on an analysis of the threat(s) Read the entire page →
From page 70... ... 70 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies • Initiate priority cleanup, repair, and restoration activities, including the use of contractors and emergency procurement authorities. • Review or terminate (as necessary) Read the entire page →
From page 71... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 71 Actions. Determine the probability of impact (depending on the nature of the event) Read the entire page →
From page 72... ... 72 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies secondary command posts. Supporting actions may require the transportation agency to do the following: • Deploy transit resources to support evacuation, including accommodating vulnerable populations as well as resources to accommodate pets on transit vehicles and in shelters. Read the entire page →
From page 73... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 73 RESPOND Phase 10: Communicate Evacuation, Shelter-in-Place, or Quarantine Order and Incident Management Measures Purpose. Disseminate appropriate information to employees and travelers and provide updates in a timely manner. Read the entire page →
From page 74... ... 74 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies • Ensure 9-1-1 operators are fully informed of conditions, so they can respond to callers with accurate, up-to-date information. Use ITS resources during an evacuation to collect data and as a tool to communicate and coordinate with evacuees, evacuation operations personnel, partners, and other stakeholders. Read the entire page →
From page 75... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 75 Actions. Prepare to restore normal activities. Read the entire page →
From page 76... ... 76 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies To quickly and efficiently implement disaster recovery, a recovery organization with clear authority and responsibilities needs to be identified prior to the event. It is recommended that the recovery team be involved in the planning process and, given the demands of recovery operations, it should be separate from the emergency response organization. Read the entire page →
From page 77... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 77 RECOVER Phase 01: Restore Essential Services Purpose. Conduct damage and recovery assessments, remove debris, and restore essential transportation services in the affected areas. Read the entire page →
From page 78... ... 78 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies mitigation strategies, from how to increase capacity on existing lanes to demand management, organized by the phase of the recovery effort in which they usually occur, is provided in Table 5. RECOVER Phase 03: Reentry into Evacuated, Shelter-in-Place, or Quarantined Area Purpose. Read the entire page →
From page 79... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 79 coordinating, and executing service and site restoration plans for affected communities and resumption of government operations and services through individual, private-sector, nongovernmental, and public assistance programs. Supporting actions may include the following: • In short-term recovery, assist other agencies to provide essential public health and safety services; restore interrupted utility and other essential services (as soon as safely possible) Read the entire page →
From page 80... ... 80 A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies • Coordinate operations to identify missing persons who might not have evacuated, shelteredin-place, or quarantined and been lost in the event or failed to return after the event, particularly children separated from their families. RECOVER Phase 04: Conduct Emergency Repairs Purpose. Read the entire page →
From page 81... ... Develop an Emergency Preparedness Program 81 was executed, and determine how it could have been improved. Each agency should review its actions. Read the entire page →

From page 25...

... 25 This section explains the emergency planning process and the all-hazards approach to emergency management; it also emphasizes that the process is a continuous one, not something done once and then shelved. In the overall emergency management, risk management, all-hazards approach, the state transportation agency has two distinct roles: (1)