Evolving the Geodetic Infrastructure to Meet New Scientific Needs (2020) / Chapter Skim
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com- require more accurate timing and orbit information prises four measurement techniques used to accurately to achieve their threshold science requirements. Undetermine the Earth's orientation in space, its gravita- derstanding and implementing improvements to the tional field, the trajectories of satellites in orbit around geodetic infrastructure and terrestrial reference frame is the Earth, and the positions of reference points on the urgent because high-precision data needed for Decadal Earth.
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3. Discuss the elements of these science questions that drive future requirements for the terrestrial reference frame, Earth orientation parameters, and satellite orbits, and identify what geodetic infrastructure changes are needed to help answer the questions.
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, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Geodetic Survey, and the TASKS 2 AND 3: DECADAL SURVEY U.S. Geological Survey operate about one-quarter of SCIENCE QUESTIONS THAT DEPEND ON the GNSS sites that form the core of the International THE GEODETIC INFRASTRUCTURE GNSS Service.
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, and is calibrated using its components (ocean thermal expansion, ice sheet and tide gauges tied to the terrestrial reference frame by glacier mass change, land water hydrology, vertical land GNSS. The orbits of the InSAR and altimetry satellites motion, and the effects of melting ancient and modern rely on well-distributed GNSS stations at the surface land ice)
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A important for sustaining life on the Earth. Ecosystem time-dependent terrestrial reference frame combined science topics that use active remote sensing, and thus with time-dependent gravity will be needed to track rely on the geodetic infrastructure, include (1)
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For all of the satellite systems, active or pas- water storage. In addition, the United States will need sive, the availability of accurate orbits has enabled fully to work with the International GNSS Service to deploy automated processing and accurate geolocation, which additional GNSS sites in remote, rapidly deforming increases the exploitation of the large data sets being areas, such as the perimeters of the ice sheets that decollected by Decadal Survey missions.
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CONCLUDING REMARKS The international geodetic infrastructure is the REFERENCES largely invisible foundation of Earth system science and NASEM (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and applications. Most of the Decadal Survey science ques- Medicine)
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