Evolving the Geodetic Infrastructure to Meet New Scientific Needs (2020) / Chapter Skim
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4 Terrestrial Water Cycle
4 Terrestrial Water Cycle
Pages 39-50
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From page 39... ...
Land subsidence induced by dropping groundS-6. How much water is traveling deep underground water levels permanently reduces the storage capacity and how does it affect geological processes and water of aquifer systems, damages near-surface or surface supplies?
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From page 40... ...
ries, particularly in the western United States, where Increased precipitation in the cool seasons increases high-quality receivers, antennas, and monuments were terrestrial water storage (surface water, snowpack, installed at the 1,100 sites of the Plate Boundary Obsoil moisture, and groundwater) and decreased pre- servatory.
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From page 41... ...
and the inferred change in total water storage, which increases in the fall and winter (right)
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From page 42... ...
Surface displacement observations from GNSS networks in other parts of Measurements the world could make an enormous contribution to the global hydrological observing network, which sup- Geodetic surveying (spirit leveling and campaign ports understanding current and future hydrological GNSS) , continuous GNSS, InSAR, and altimetry are changes and provides clear social and economic ben- needed to determine the location and extent of land efits.
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From page 43... ...
Coupled with improved floodplain models, the Hurricane Harvey GNSS study demonstrates the power of continuous GNSS networks to improve flood forecasting by quantifying the spatial extent and evolution (drainage) of terrestrial water storage associated with extreme precipitation events.
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From page 44... ...
The program of record specifies 40 km to more users and could serve as reconnaissance for spacing of GNSS stations, with increased spatial de- targeted ground-based investigations, which is espeployment in watersheds. Although InSAR has superior cially critical for those with scarce resources, such as spatial sampling compared with GNSS, decorrelation, local water districts.
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From page 45... ...
The ability to continuously measure land subsidence in space and time are critical for tracking hazards to both natural and engineered systems. FIGURE 4.5 Spatial extent and magnitude of subsidence in the San Joaquin Valley for 2008–2010 as interpreted from InSAR data, and time series from four GNSS stations showing varying heights during drought and nondrought periods (inset)
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From page 46... ...
As with other applications of satellite altimetry (see Chapter 3) , the geodetic infrastructure is fundamental SURFACE WATER MONITORING BY for estimating accurate water heights of surface waters SATELLITE ALTIMETRY on land.
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From page 47... ...
In infrastructure in measuring terrestrial water storage some cases, resolving the reflection parameters requires variations, land subsidence, and surface-water heights. a higher sampling rate than the standard geodetic samThis same ground-based infrastructure also plays a key pling interval of 30 seconds.
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From page 48... ...
2014. Seasonal variation in total water storage in California inferred from GPS observations of may be selected largely from the existing National vertical land motion.
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From page 49... ...
2018. Daily GRACE gravity field on Land Subsidence Induced by Fluid Extraction, Taipei, solutions track major flood events in the Ganges–Brahmaputra Taiwan, November 8-9, 2018.
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From page 50... ...
2018. Land subsidence along Van Camp, M., O
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