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Evolving the Geodetic Infrastructure to Meet New Scientific Needs (2020) / Chapter Skim
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5 Geological Hazards: Earthquakes and Volcanoes
Pages 51-58

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From page 51...
... population and economy are associated with the S-1. How can large-scale geological hazards be accurately Cascadia subduction zone (last major event in 1700; forecast in a socially relevant time frame?
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From page 52...
... and (b) of interseismic locking of the Cascadia subduction zone fit the land-based geodetic data equally well.
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From page 53...
... particularly challenging because onshore geodetic Most destructive earthquakes occur in regions where measurement techniques such as GNSS, InSAR, tide the strain rate exceeds ~50 nanostrain per year (Elliott gauges, and strain gauges are too remote to resolve the et al., 2016; see Figure 5.2)
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From page 54...
... The required measurements include surface vertical deformation and mass change associated with deformation, time-variable gravity, surface topography, seismic events having rupture lengths greater than sea surface tsunami waves, and surface cover and atmo- the spatial resolution of Gravity Recovery Climate spheric changes. Experiment-­ype satellites (~200 km)
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From page 55...
... Bistatic radar interferometry (e.g., Shuttle Radar measurements can be made using ocean bottom presTopography Mission and TerraSAR-Tandem-X) has sure sensors and GNSS receivers mounted on buoys or provided global topographic reference data at 10–30 m ships of opportunity (Foster et al., 2012; see Figure 5.4)
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From page 56...
... SUMMARY For example, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Indian Space Research Organisa- Observing, mitigating, and forecasting the hazards tion Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission will associated with major earthquakes and volcanic erupprovide systematic global observations and more im- tions require very accurate geodetic measurement of agery per day than is available from all of the previous surface deformation and time-variable gravity.
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From page 57...
... subduction zone earthquakes offshore. • Maintain GNSS station density in areas of high REFERENCES strain rate, such as plate boundaries.
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From page 58...
... Cascadia subduction zone creep. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature Geosystems 15(4)
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Key Terms

  • surface deformation
  • subduction zone
  • reference frame
  • strain rate
  • spatial resolution

  • cascadia subduction
  • subduction zones
  • geophysical research
  • volcanic eruptions
  • aperture radar

  • research letters
  • geodetic data
  • terrestrial reference
  • geological hazards
  • synthetic aperture

  • gravity change
  • tsunami waves
  • gnss acoustics
  • accuracy gnss
  • geodetic workforce

  • gnss receivers
  • gnss stations
  • gnss station
  • destructive earthquakes
  • global navigation

  • major event
  • strain gauges
  • interferometric synthetic
  • zone earthquakes
  • rift zone


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