Forced Migration Research From Theory to Practice in Promoting Migrant Well-Being: Proceedings of a Workshop (2019) / Chapter Skim
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2 Global, National, and Ethical Issues
2 Global, National, and Ethical Issues
Pages 7-16
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From page 7... ...
began her presentation by noting that when she talks about data on refugees, she is talking about people who roughly fit the definition under the United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention, which means that they are fleeing persecution and that the state cannot 7
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From page 8... ...
of the 1951 Refugee Convention, or Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, defines refugee as someone who, "owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it." 2 A participant noted that the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refu gees in the Near East (UNRWA) produces a separate set of statistics about Palestine refugees, which Hynie acknowledged are not counted in the UNHCR statistics.
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From page 9... ...
Since many refugees are residing in low-income countries, asylum seekers are forced to draw on scarce support and resources. UNHCR estimates that about 1.1 million people achieved local integration in the past 10 years, a number that is very small relative to the overall number, according to Hynie.
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From page 10... ...
Hynie noted that countries increasingly are using detention as a standard policy for dealing with asylum seekers and irregular migrants, and those who are being detained are often detained in facilities used for criminal violations. Though data regarding detention are difficult to obtain, a recent UNHCR campaign called Beyond Detention, designed to reduce detention in 10 participating countries, has had only mixed success
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From page 11... ...
Also, community release is still not being widely used for asylum seekers in the participating countries. Hynie indicated that the restrictive policies of destination countries, in terms of processing policies, ease of asylum, and welfare policies, nevertheless have only a small impact on the number of people seeking asylum in those countries.
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From page 12... ...
For example, the Center for Migration Studies of New York recently published an analysis based on American Community Survey data on how 1.1 million refugees had fared by 2016. This analysis looked at three different groups of refugees who had arrived in the decades starting in 1987 and found that they had fared quite well, particularly those who had been in the United States for longer periods (Kerwin, 2018)
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From page 13... ...
Finally, he suggested applying lessons to migration reform from criminal justice reform, where he said real progress has been made in the United States. Kerwin also observed that the current period feels much like the period after 9/11; so many things are happening over such a short period of time that they are difficult to fully understand and put in context.
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From page 14... ...
For many in the Global South, moreover, the cost of publishing can be prohibitive, access to publishing can be an issue, and people who have experienced forced migration and want to share their stories in an academic setting face both linguistic and financial barriers, she pointed out. In the context of forced migration, said Clark-Kazak, informed consent means trying to anticipate the potential risks and making sure that research participants and respondents understand the nature of those risks.
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From page 15... ...
In response to these and other issues, the Canadian Council for Refugees, the Canadian Association for Refugee and Forced Migration Studies, and York University's Centre for Refugee Studies have developed a set of ethical considerations for research on people in situations of forced migration.3 The International Association for the Study of Forced Migration also has developed a code of ethics that provides high-level principles to guide researchers' work.4 The introduction has been translated into French, Spanish, and Arabic. A continuing dialogue on ethics needs to occur in multiple languages and in multiple spaces, said Clark-Kazak.
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From page 16... ...
As one participant noted, research that uses new types of data that fall into this category, such as Internet surveys or cellphone data, may need a different form of ethical review, since they pose ethical pitfalls. Expanding the range of research subject to IRB review may not be the best option in these cases, Clark-Kazak observed, but ethical reflection is still needed to ensure that researchers have anticipated or at least thought through ethical issues.
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