Manipulating Quantum Systems An Assessment of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics in the United States (2020) / Chapter Skim
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Within the past decade alone, the techniques of AMO physics played a pivotal role in the discovery of gravitational waves and the new era of multimessenger astrophysics that is ensuing, and in the explosive development of quantum information and sensing technologies. AMO physics studies the fundamental building blocks of matter to help advance the understanding of the universe.
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FUNDING Considering the breadth and depth of AMO physics described above, the committee strongly urges continued national investment in AMO science; as a curiosity-driven research enterprise it has been the driving force behind many scientific discoveries and innovative technologies. Given the central role of AMO science to other disciplines in physical sciences, and considering the increasingly large investments in AMO-related quantum information science and technology in European countries and China, coordinated interagency support is needed for con tinued development and leadership of AMO science in the United States.
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Key Recommendation: The Department of Energy's High-Energy Physics, Nuclear Physics, and Basic Energy Sciences programs should fund research on quantum sensing and pursue beyond-the-Standard-Model fundamental physics questions through AMO-based projects. Armed with emerging AMO technologies, both space- and laboratory-based fundamental AMO science is needed to address key questions in astronomy,
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Key Recommendation: U.S. federal agencies should invest in a broad range of science that takes advantage of ultrafast X-ray light source facilities, while maintaining a strong single principal investigator funding model.
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In particular, quantum technology cuts across scientific fields and technologies beyond AMO, and so encounters barriers with traditional funding mechanisms. Recent Quantum Leap Initiatives at NSF are based on a stewardship model that starts to break the traditional barriers between disciplines.
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Key Recommendation: The entire AMO science enterprise should find ways to tap into the growing national talent pool of women and underrepresented minorities. The committee therefore endorses the relevant recommenda tions in the National Academies reports Graduate STEM Education for the 21st Century and Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation, for example.
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IMPORTANT TOPICS IN AMO PHYSICS This report highlights major scientific themes that are of strong current interest and have substantial growth potentials for AMO science, presenting them in Chapters 2 to 7. These grand challenge themes are closely related, and their interconnections highlight the richness and expansiveness of AMO science.
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As AMO provides one of the most precisely controlled quantum systems that form the basis for quantum information processing, AMO will play a central role in delivering the most promising approaches in this increasingly active field. The production, transmission, storage, and use of quantum bits (qubits)
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