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1 Overview
Pages 1-10

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From page 1...
... . Studies also suggest that groundwater use in irrigation globally is increasing in total volume as well as a percentage of all water used for irrigation, with the demand for groundwater resources increasing as available primary surface water supplies are depleted (Siebert et al., 2010)
From page 2...
... The goals of the workshop were to assess regional freshwater budgets under major use scenarios (e.g., agriculture, industry, and municipal) ; examine state of the art research frontiers in characterizing groundwater aquifers, including residence time, quantity, flow, depletion, and recharge, using remotely sensed observations and proxy data; discuss groundwater model uncertainties and methods for mitigating them using sparse ground observations or data and other approaches; and consider our ability to detect which water management strategies (e.g., water reuse, irrigation efficiencies, and desalination)
From page 3...
... shared insights from the perspective of the workshop sponsor, and noted that adequate support of the defense and intelligence communities requires geospatial intelligence to provide crucial information about the environment and to aid in decision making. NGA has a keen interest in international water security and water quality, especially to provide support and information to policy makers.
From page 4...
... Scientists have been able to explore atmospheric coupling and data assimilation, where models are constrained using available observations. Several NASA Earth observing satellites are highly relevant to understanding the water cycle and to conduct groundwater studies.
From page 5...
... Rodell include low spatial resolution (roughly 150,000 km2 at mid-latitudes) , monthly temporal resolution, data latency of up to a few months, and lack of vertical information (because this method reveals the sum of all water components, not measurements of individual components such as groundwater, soil moisture, snow, or surface water)
From page 6...
... Groundwater modeling requires observations such as precipitation, soil moisture, surface water levels, streamflow, terrestrial water storage, snow cover, evapotranspiration, land surface temperature, and vegetation cover, but additional observations could help make further improvements in modeling: flow velocities, root-zone soil moisture, terrestrial water storage at 100 km2 resolution, snow water equivalent, and hydrogeological parameters (e.g., aquifer extent and depth, permeability, and specific yield)
From page 7...
... 25,000 Discharge [m3s-1] Rainfall 200 20,000 150 15,000 100 10,000 5,000 50 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Months Figure 1.3 The Ganges Basin is suffering from extreme seasonality in the available water resources.
From page 8...
... No data were available for river discharge, and problems with the data included information only from Bangladesh, not India; elevations very different from the topography; only shallow wells available; only four data points available for deep groundwater ages; and quality control issues related to different drilling methods and interpretations. Two management alternatives were considered: (1)
From page 9...
... In this final case study, Dr. Michael outlined an approach using a detailed model within the basin-scale framework to understand vulnerability of the deep groundwater surrounding Dhaka to arsenic migration.
From page 10...
... Michael noted that a global database of fully quality-controlled and densely spaced in situ hydrologic, geologic, and geochemical data would be made publicly available in real time; but challenges associated with cost, international data sharing, technology transfer, infrastructure, quality control, and several other factors should first be addressed.


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