Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management (2019) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 4-12
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From page 4... ...
4 1.1 Background This project aims to document strategies and tools that address pedestrian safety via trafficspeed management. The time is ripe for understanding the nexus between these two areas, as thousands of pedestrians are killed by motor vehicles annually in the United States, including nearly 6,000 in 2016 alone (NHTSA 2018)
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Introduction 5 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Fa ta liti es p er 1 ,0 00 ,0 00 p op ul ati on USA - Actual Sweden If the USA had followed Sweden Figure 1-1. Fatalities per million population in the United States and Sweden, 1995–2015.
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6 Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management Key to these countries' success is a shift in thinking about traffic safety. The United States has tended to view safety in a narrower and more reactive way, placing almost complete responsibility for collisions on the people involved, and identifying and treating crash hot spots after they have occurred.
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From page 7... ...
Introduction 7 – Performance metrics and the evaluation of speed-reduction actions on pedestrian safety; – Barriers to reducing speed and potential work-arounds for interested jurisdictions; and – Lessons learned from these jurisdictions' efforts. A final synopsis of the information, including identified gaps in understanding and suggestions for future research, concludes the report.
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8 Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management Because the focus of the practitioner-based portion of the synthesis focuses on evidence to the extent possible, the survey asked specifically for jurisdictions that are working on pedestrian safety and speed and have either measured their efforts and can draw some kind of conclusion or are explicitly committed to Vision Zero (Appendix B includes a copy of the survey)
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From page 9... ...
Introduction 9 speed to go about their daily lives, a culture of high speed and auto dependence results. Thus, in addition to the need for speed-reduction solutions on these higher-volume, higher-speed roadways, there is a need for future research regarding facilitating behavior and culture change related to speed and auto dependence, which this synthesis addresses.
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From page 10... ...
10 Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management Low speed -- 30 mph or less. Definitions of low-speed roads vary, and some federal sources define low speeds as those below 45 or 50 mph (FHWA 2005; AASHTO 2011)
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From page 11... ...
Introduction 11 Mini traffic circles -- small, circular raised islands placed in the middle of uncontrolled intersections of residential streets. Neckdowns, bulb-outs, curb extensions, and chokers -- raised treatments that physically narrow the roadway width at intersections or in the middle of the block.
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From page 12... ...
12 Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management 1.5 Report Organization The remainder of the report is organized as follows: Chapter 2 -- This chapter presents findings from the literature review of countermeasures found to be effective in reducing vehicle speed. It also provides an overview of Vision Zero policies in several U.S.
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