Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management (2019) / Chapter Skim
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A-1 A P P E N D I X A Annotated Literature Review Aarts and Schagen 2006 Aarts and Schagen conducted a review of 11 studies on the relationship between speed and crash rate among crashes involving all road users. The authors reviewed studies that measured the relationship between crashes and speed on an individual vehicle level and at the road segment level.
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A-2 Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management Henary et al. examined how pedestrian severe and fatal injuries are associated with pedestrian age and vehicle type.
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Annotated Literature Review A-3 The authors used the German In-Depth Accident Study database to examine the relationship between speed and pedestrian injury severity for pedestrians age 15 or older who were hit by the front of a passenger car from 1999 to 2007. In total, their dataset encompassed 490 pedestrians, including 36 fatalities.
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A-4 Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management be applicable to other countries, unless the available medical care and population distributions are similar. Tefft 2013 Tefft used U.S.
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Annotated Literature Review A-5 The mean speed at accident locations with fatal injuries differs from those at locations with minor injuries (p = 0.003) and severe injuries (p = 0.031)
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A-6 Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management Kim et al. 2008 The authors used a heteroskedastic generalized extreme value model to explore the relationship between age and pedestrian injury severity among pedestrians involved in crashes with motor vehicles.
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Annotated Literature Review A-7 serious injury crashes. Engineering treatments with vertical deflections have the greatest average impact on the mean, 85th percentile speed and the percentage of drivers speeding (p < 0.05)
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A-8 Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management Agerholm et al. 2017 The authors used a before–after approach to study the effect of sinus speed humps of height 10 cm (approximately 4 in.)
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Annotated Literature Review A-9 Rothman et al. 2015 Speed humps were mapped along with police-reported pedestrian crashes from 2000–2011.
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A-10 Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management Gitelman et al. 2017 The authors analyzed the impact of installing raised pedestrian crosswalks and speed humps at nonsignalized midblock crossings on urban arterial and collector roads on vehicle travel speeds.
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Annotated Literature Review A-11 pedestrian wait time. In terms of vehicle speeds at raised crossings, the authors found that 50th percentile speeds were lower at the treatment sites compared to the control sites.
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A-12 Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management U.S. Roads 1998 This article presents a summary of information compiled by the City of Seattle to evaluate the impact of their neighborhood traffic circle program.
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Annotated Literature Review A-13 Knapp and Giese 2001 Knapp and Giese report on the results of converting a number of four-lane undivided roadways to threelane roadways with two-way left-turn lanes. The road diets reviewed included several in Iowa, Montana, Minnesota, California, and Washington.
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A-14 Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management comparison sites, regardless of whether there was a marked or unmarked crosswalk. A CMF for a raised median at a marked crosswalk at an uncontrolled intersection is estimated to be 0.54 for vehicle– pedestrian crashes.
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Annotated Literature Review A-15 Lane Narrowing with Pavement Markings Thomas et al. 2016 The authors of this synthesis reviewed existing studies of 25 pedestrian crossing treatments and surveyed transportation agencies from 40 states to determine the impact of the 25 crossing treatments on pedestrian safety.
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A-16 Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management Signs and Signals Speed Feedback Signs and Speed-Activated Speed-Limit Signs Hallmark et al. 2013 Five different traffic-calming treatments were evaluated along the main roads through small communities.
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Annotated Literature Review A-17 Kamyab et al. 2003 Kamyab et al.
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A-18 Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management the post data were collected. The crash rate for all crashes and injury crashes per million vehicles declined by 10% and 17%, respectively, after the project was completed.
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Annotated Literature Review A-19 the neighborhood. However, surveys also show continuing public health concerns in the area that diminish overall feelings of safety and likely affect the transportation modes that people choose.
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A-20 Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management mobile cameras. In urban areas, the percentage of drivers exceeding the speed limit decreased by 33%, and the percentage of drivers exceeding the speed limit by at least 15 mph decreased by 56%.
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Annotated Literature Review A-21 Freedman et al. 2006 Portland conducted an evaluation of ASE cameras installed in five school zones during a 2-month period.
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A-22 Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management Soole et al. 2013 Soole et al.
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Annotated Literature Review A-23 This report summarizes the impacts of The Netherland's sustainable safety program, with particular attention paid to the 30-km/h (19-mph) zone program.
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A-24 Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management Li and Graham 2016 Li and Graham estimate the effect of 20-mph zones on traffic fatalities in London. Their sample included data from 1989 to 2007, including 234 treated zones and 2,844 randomly selected control zones.
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Annotated Literature Review A-25 traveling at least 10 mph above the speed limit decreased by 70% at locations with both warning signs and speed cameras, by 39% at locations with warning signs, and by 16% on residential streets with neither speed cameras nor warning signs. Vision Zero Fleisher et al.
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