Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports (2019) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 23-64
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From page 23... ...
23 Overview Chapter 3 provides tools for airport managers and other interested stakeholders to assess and improve current airport land use compat ibility conditions, regulations, and implementation practices. The strategies are based on industry best practices identified by the research effort conducted under ACRP Project 0422, "Evaluating the Effective ness of Compatibility Zoning at General Aviation Airports." Many factors influence the effectiveness of airport land use com patibility, which is very context specific to each airport.
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24 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports involvement of multiple stakeholders; adoption of airport land use compatibility regulations and referral processes by local jurisdictions; and a commitment by airport operators, local planners, and elected officials to implement the standards and requirements. Each of the component steps must coalesce into a comprehensive process if the fundamental purpose of preventing or avoiding incompatible uses is to be achieved.
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From page 25... ...
Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 25 elements for establishing relationships and gaining support for the adoption and implementa tion of airport compatibility regulations. Strategies by Local Stakeholder Airport land use compatibility planning involves multiple key stakeholders, including the airport manager, airport sponsor, community planning departments, and local governing bodies.
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26 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports stakeholder and recommended strategies that should be pursued to promote compatible land uses are described. Airport Manager The airport manager is often the person who knows the most about the airport and the importance of having compatible land uses around it.
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Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 27 � Invite stakeholders and the community to the airport (i.e., hold special events, promote your airport restaurant, allow public use of certain airport facilities)
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28 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports limited or nonexistent among various entities, leading to an information "silo" effect? The opportunities and challenges for common organizational structures include: – Sponsors with land use jurisdiction.
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From page 29... ...
Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 29 • To review proposed development projects for conformance with the agency's adopted policies and ordinances. The planning department is responsible for developing the com munity's land use policies and regulations, such as comprehensive plans and zoning ordinances.
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30 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports the local governing body makes decisions regarding approval of land use development around the airport. Effective compatibility planning requires that these governing bodies understand the importance of airport land use compatibility.
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Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 31 operations. Airport sponsors and managers should understand the many ways the airport serves the community and inform stakeholders how the airport supports local businesses and critical community functions (see Chapter 2, Table 21)
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32 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports – Establish an airport website and keep it current. If the airport is owned by a local jurisdic tion, make sure there is a clear and visible link on the agency page to the airport page.
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Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 33 – What airport land use compatibility means and why it is important. – What the consequences of incompatibility can mean to the airport and its neighbors.
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34 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports • Create an airport compatibility website. Include a compatibility page on the airport sponsor website.
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Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 35 If so, meet with the state legislator to express concerns and seek help with new legislation or to support more favorable legislation. • Involve national/state airport managers groups and pilot groups.
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36 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports Drafting Local Regulations and Getting Them Adopted Among the regulatory devices available to minimize compatibility conflicts between airports and nearby land use development, AZOs, such as airport overlay zones, are used most frequently. While the strategies in this section, and the Guidebook as a whole, focus on these devices, recognize that other regulatory tools can achieve similar purposes.
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From page 37... ...
Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 37 To assist airport managers and local planners with the preparation of local airport compatibility regulations, each strategy presented in this section includes a series of questions. The answers to these questions will help to identify the appropriate form and adoption process for the proposed regulations.
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From page 38... ...
38 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports • Understand the potential implications of future airport development plans. Is the airport considering expansion in facilities or operations?
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Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 39 A further concern is to examine how or if a comprehensive plan is integrated with the airport's master plan or ALP. If they are not consistent, resolving those inconsistencies should be a priority for the airport sponsor and land use planner.
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40 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports • Costs of implementation. The proposed AZO should be drafted to reflect the jurisdiction's ability to administer it without requiring additional staff.
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Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 41 to the community, and they can be particularly important if noncompliance results in the risk of legal action or other penalties, such as losing some state funding. State mandates are an important lever for the airport manager to use to bring the need for airport compatibility zoning to a city or county's attention.
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42 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports or regulations or within guidance documents. Those laws may dictate the required elements of an ordinance.
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Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 43 If an airport is in an urbanizing area, other factors should be considered, such as safety and noise. • Consider the political environment.
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44 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports or removal. The ordinance must make clear that temporary objects, such as construction cranes, are subject to the ordinance.
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Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 45 planning to limit noisesensitive uses in growing areas will protect the airport and reduce community impacts. • Minimize risks on the ground.
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46 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports especially places in which people congregate. Because risks also exist beyond RPZs, AZOs should consider limiting land use intensities and avoiding highrisk uses in additional areas.
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Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 47 of the AZO and land use compatibility goals (see Case Study No.
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48 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports An important point emerging from the project research is that the effectiveness of airport compatibility zoning improves if the airport, local government, and community have mutual goals. In general, these goals center on economic development attracted by airport operations.
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Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 49 • Stress the economic importance of airport operations. As discussed earlier in this chapter, underpinning the need for the AZO is the protection of the airport's business.
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50 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports • Address overregulation concerns. Some communities or individuals regard any regulation, particularly those mandated from above, as a personal infringement.
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Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 51 Also, even if it is adopted, litigation claiming it constitutes inverse condemnation could result. (For more on this topic, see Appendix B, ACRP Legal Research Digest 5.)
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52 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports also influence how the planning effort is initiated. Where development is contentious or airport relations with the community are complicated, it may be best to move cautiously and take the time to talk oneonone with stakeholders to gain input before proceeding.
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From page 53... ...
Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 53 Implementing the Regulations Adoption of an airport compatibility ordinance is only the begin ning. The results of project research indicate that the most important component of an effective ordinance is not the ordinance language, but implementation and enforcement.
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54 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports • Be responsive. The airport manager should respond to applications within the designated time frame.
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Enacted in 2012, Title 55, Section 55-13-5 of the South Carolina State Code of Laws placed a regulatory mandate on SCAC to monitor land use development activity around the state's airports. The law requires that certain development applications in SCAC-specified Airport Safety Zones and Airport Land Use Zones be submitted by local government planning, zoning, and building permit officials to SCAC for review and comment.
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From page 56... ...
56 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports Proposed land use changes that are incompatible with aviation can have long-lasting effects on aircraft operations, adversely affect the safety of the traveling public, and pose risks to those living and working near airports. Federal, state, and local agencies and airport operators must work together to prevent the creation of incompatible land uses.
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From page 57... ...
Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 57 Based on FAA guidance pertaining to the prevention of wildlife attractants in the airport vicinity and the language in COMAR, the MAA concluded that, because wildlife hazards were a threat to navigable airspace with the potential to endanger lives and property, it was empowered to review proposed development within the defined Airport Zoning District for its potential to attract hazardous wildlife. The MAA worked with federal and state resource management agencies to provide an explanation of COMAR and the airport zoning district, which functions as an airport overlay zone, and to identify alternative mitigation strategies for projects within the airport zoning district.
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58 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports – Encouraging local newspapers to write about the airport and the benefits it brings to the community; – Providing meeting space at the airport that can be used by community groups; and – Holding events that attract the general public to come to the airport. As outlined in Case Study No.
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From page 59... ...
Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 59 Strategies for State Aviation Agencies Regardless of the extent of its authority over airport land use compatibility matters, the role of a state aviation agency is often more critical and influential than the FAA's role. The FAA has no authority to prevent development of incompatible land uses other than indirectly through the assurances that airport sponsors must agree to in order to receive federal airport improvement grants.
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60 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports businesses or individu als proposing to erect a tall object near an airport first obtain a stateissued permit (see Case Study No.
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Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 61 Many states tie implementation of local airport land use zoning ordinances to their grant assurances in the same way that the FAA's own grant assurances are tied to maintaining clear approaches and airport/local control of surrounding land uses.* However, in many cases, states may only have a "check box" approach of such a grant assurance.
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62 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports For example, local ordinance review and approval would include ensuring the correct airspace surfaces and protected areas are covered per FAA regulations and design standards (e.g., FAR Part 77 and FAA ACs)
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From page 63... ...
Effective Compatibility Planning Strategies 63 more commonly permitted by local governments instead of states) , monitoring of FAA 7460 submittals by using the FAA's OE/AAA website is a common practice among state aviation agencies.
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From page 64... ...
64 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports Summary Airport compatibility planning requires an understanding of how an airport functions and how it can affect and be affected by the surrounding community. Effective airport land use compatibility planning requires local governments and airports to understand their roles and work together to identify methods for achieving airport compatible development.
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