Effectiveness and Impacts of Dust Control Measures for Owens Lake (2020) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 13-24
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have hard and stable salt crusts dominated by sodium chloride, the sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate dominated mineral composition of Owens Lake brines resulted in easily erodible dry saline silty soils and fragile salt crusts. This phenomenon is also observed at other saline lakes undergoing desiccation such as the Salton Sea (California)
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for achieving and maintaining the NAAQS within each air quality control region within the state. The SIP establishes emission limits and other control measures that are designed to achieve NAAQS attainment in nonattainment regions.
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The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) was deemed legally responsible for controlling particulate emissions from the dry lakebed.3 The Owens Lake bed is defined in regulations as the area below 3,600 feet above mean sea level.
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. FIGURE 1-3 Timeline of dust control implementation at Owens Lake.
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Although most OVPA PM10 control efforts have focused on the ordered dust control areas on the Owens Lake bed, the District has implemented off-lake dust control measures 4 Although the regulatory text in Rule 433, Board Order #160413-01, and GBUAPCD (2018) state 48.6 square miles of dust control, the area resulting from the coordinates listed and ordered in the same documents totals 48.9 square miles.
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EFFECTIVENESS AND IMPACTS OF DUST CONTROL MEASURES FOR OWENS LAKE FIGURE 1-4 Map of Owens Lake showing the regulatory shoreline, brine pool, and ordered dust control areas.
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29.7 Shallow Flood Brine with Shallow Flooding Backup 3.8 Tillage with Shallow Flooding Backup 2.7 Minimum Dust Control Efficiency Areas 0.9 Total area ordered and controlled as of April 2019 47.8 Ordered but not controlledb 1.2 a In the 2018/2019 water year, 10.5 square miles of this area was operated for dynamic water management. bIncludes environmentally sensitive areas, such as areas that have been deferred because of the presence of eligible cultural resources meeting requirements per the District order.
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CHALLENGES The tension between water use and dust control in the OVPA represents a serious challenge to meeting the NAAQS for PM10. LADWP and the District have agreed through a Stipulated Judgment to move toward less reliance on shallow flooding for dust control and to investigate new and refined DCMs to reduce overall water demand.9 The Judgment states, "New dust control measures should be waterless where feasible.
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Representatives of Native American tribes in Owens Valley have voiced concerns about the land disturbance (which can destroy cultural artifacts and disrupt the natural land forms that are culturally important) , road building (which not only involves land disturbance but also increases access to looters)
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This approach is consistent with the overall purpose of OLSAP to examine airborne dust in the Owens Valley. However, for this task the panel's evaluation of DCMs did not consider application to potential dust sources that are distant from the Owens Lake bed.
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Chapter 3 discusses key contextual factors for evaluating DCMs, including hydrology and water resources; areas on the Owens Lake bed that are culturally significant to Native American tribes; habitats; and mineral resources. Chapter 4 assesses 15 DCMs that represent a range of mitigation approaches that are either currently applied at Owens Lake or at various stages of development.
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