Heritable Human Genome Editing (2020) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: Glossary
Appendix C: Glossary
Pages 203-214
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The disease-causing copy of the gene determines the resultant phenotype. Humans have 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (see below)
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. Cells from the inner cell mass, if grown in culture, can give rise to embryonic stem cell lines.
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The DNA base sequence carries the information that a cell needs to assemble protein and RNA molecules. DNA sequence information is important in investigating the functions of genes.
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Changes to the chemical structure of DNA or the proteins that associate with DNA that can alter gene expression without changing the DNA sequence of a gene. For example, in the epigenetic phenomenon called genomic imprinting, molecules called methyl groups attach to DNA and alter gene expression according to parental origin.
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Modifications to genes that could be passed down through generations. While heritable human genome editing would involve using editing reagents with germline cells, not all such editing is intended to be inherited.
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. The U.K.'s independent regulator overseeing the use of germ cells and embryos in fertility treatment and research.
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established to protect the rights and welfare of human research participants who are recruited to participate in research activities conducted under the auspices of that institution. The IRB has the authority to approve, require modifications in, or disapprove research activities in its jurisdiction, as specified by both federal regulations and local institutional policy.
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During PGT, a single cell or a small number of cells is removed from the embryo at the eight-cell or blastocyst stage and DNA is isolated and genotyped by sensitive methods, such as the polymerase chain reaction. Pronucleus.
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A nucleic acid sequence used to direct cellular DNA repair pathways to incorporate specific DNA sequence changes at or near a target site. Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
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. Vectors used in molecular cell biology and genetic engineering include plasmids and modified viruses engineered to carry and express genes of interest in target cells.
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NHGRI (National Human Genome Research Institute)
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Key Terms
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