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Appendix H: Expanded Discussion on Special Populations to Consider in Pain Management
Pages 313-318

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From page 313...
... and the absorption profiles of skin are of great relevance, and a simple extrapolation of pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamics data from healthy adults is likely to be inadequate. As a result, pain management plans for these populations tend to be more complex and may result in suboptimal treatments.
From page 314...
... .2 Importantly, the prevalence of chronic pain is likely to increase as Americans live longer, which may profoundly affect morbidity and health care expenditures,3 and although pain management is a critical part of palliative care, studies suggest that pain experienced by people at end of life is often inadequately assessed and treated (IOM, 2011; Wilkie and Ezenwa, 2012)
From page 315...
... , as well as the potential presence of specific stressors (e.g., social roles, comorbidities) , can influence health care access and use, quality of care, and short- and longterm health outcomes (Leeds et al., 2017; Nguyen et al., 2005)
From page 316...
... 2012. Combination drug therapy for pain following chronic spinal cord injury.
From page 317...
... 2013. Prevalence and impact of pain among older adults in the United States: Findings from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study.


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