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Pages 29-46

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From page 29...
... 29 Background The protocol includes information on road type, adjacent land use, management practices, forb species richness and percent cover, noxious weed presence and percent cover, and milkweed species richness and abundance (Table 3) (field data sheet and protocol instructions provided in Appendix C)
From page 30...
... 30 Evaluating the Suitability of Roadway Corridors for Use by Monarch Butterflies Habitat Component Significance Measure Categories Road Exposure to collisions, road salt, and chemicals from cars Road type 2 lane, 4 lane, > 4 lane Landscape Exposure to pesticides, proximity to existing habitat Adjacent land use type (within 100 ft) CROP1, HCR, DEV, HDE, WOOD, DIV, NDI, WET Milkweed Required host plants for monarch eggs and larvae Milkweed abundance (count plants or choose category)
From page 31...
... Product B: Rapid Assessment of Roadside Habitat for Monarchs 31 use or use by other pollinators. The researchers identified plants to species when possible and also estimated the aerial percent cover of nectar plants as a group.
From page 32...
... 32 Evaluating the Suitability of Roadway Corridors for Use by Monarch Butterflies (following Kasten et al.
From page 33...
... Product B: Rapid Assessment of Roadside Habitat for Monarchs 33 To account for the different sizes of the survey areas for each protocol, at each of these sites, the research team completed one IMMP survey and typically three RAs spaced 200–250 m apart within the footprint of the IMMP site (Figure 14)
From page 34...
... 34 Evaluating the Suitability of Roadway Corridors for Use by Monarch Butterflies Minnesota -- Broadscale Surveys After refining the protocols based on the 2017 season, in 2018 the researchers sent a field crew to locations throughout Minnesota to run RAs. There were several primary objectives in the 2018 season.
From page 35...
... Product B: Rapid Assessment of Roadside Habitat for Monarchs 35 For the IMMP, the area searched was 100 m2 based on the 100 1-m2 quadrats. For the RA, the area searched was estimated as 45.7 m (the length of the plot)
From page 36...
... 36 Evaluating the Suitability of Roadway Corridors for Use by Monarch Butterflies overall forb cover, flowering plant cover, and noxious weed cover based on the following categories: <5%, 6–25%, 26–50%, 51–75%, 76–95%, or >96%. The number of milkweed plants was also estimated in categories, including 0, 1–10, 11–50, 51–100, 101–500, or >500 plants for each species present at a site.
From page 37...
... Product B: Rapid Assessment of Roadside Habitat for Monarchs 37 53.74 40.93 3.91 3.56 2.14 1.42 1.07 0.36 0.36 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 NONE ASCVIR ASCASP ASCVIF ASCTUB ASCLAT ASCSTE ASCAMP ASCENG Pe rc en t o f S ur ve ys w ith M ilk w ee d Pr es en t Milkweed Species Figure 18. Percent of each milkweed species observed during the survey.
From page 38...
... 38 Evaluating the Suitability of Roadway Corridors for Use by Monarch Butterflies Milkweed species richness was highest in roadsides adjacent to diverse grasslands and lowest in roadsides adjacent to cropland regardless of road type (Figure 19)
From page 39...
... Product B: Rapid Assessment of Roadside Habitat for Monarchs 39 (SD = 56 minutes; range 92–274 minutes)
From page 40...
... 40 Evaluating the Suitability of Roadway Corridors for Use by Monarch Butterflies 42 (26%)
From page 41...
... Product B: Rapid Assessment of Roadside Habitat for Monarchs 41 of monarchs/plant was 0.099 (SD = 0.105) with the IMMP and 0.153 (SD = 0.173)
From page 42...
... 42 Evaluating the Suitability of Roadway Corridors for Use by Monarch Butterflies than the RA summed (t26 = 6.247, p < 0.001)
From page 43...
... Product B: Rapid Assessment of Roadside Habitat for Monarchs 43 differ in their capacities to identify vegetation. For instance, some field staff are knowledgeable about vegetation and would like to quantify not only the number of nectar plant species present but also how many are native.
From page 44...
... 44 Evaluating the Suitability of Roadway Corridors for Use by Monarch Butterflies land-use sectors. However, the results suggest that, for assessing and comparing ROWs habitat, the rapid assessment produces sufficiently accurate results for the purposes of roadside habitat restoration and management.
From page 45...
... Product B: Rapid Assessment of Roadside Habitat for Monarchs 45 and these sites were selected through a random process. These milkweed densities are higher than other studies in the upper Midwest (508 plants/ha (Kasten et al.
From page 46...
... 46 Evaluating the Suitability of Roadway Corridors for Use by Monarch Butterflies native plants, control of noxious weeds, and integrated vegetation management occur around the country. While providing protocols for the assessment of pollinator habitat in ROWs is an important first step, additional work is needed to interpret the resulting data in the context of pollinator habitat quality.

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