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From page 14... ... 7 CHAPTER 2 BRIEF LITERATURE REVIEW TO SUPPORT MODELING SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT 2.1 METHODOLOGY FOR LITERATURE REVIEW The objective of the literature review was to quickly gain insight into key factors affecting ZEV adoption, and how those could be represented by MA3T in our analysis. The objective of this literature review is not to complete a comprehensive review of all literature available; based on collaborative input from the panel, the research team identified approximately 30 resources that were well-suited to developing variables required by the MA3T model. Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... 8 Table 1. Inputs in MA3T Model. Read the entire page →
From page 16... ... 9 Various resources that included peer-reviewed journal articles and government and non-governmental reports and online databases were reviewed (see Appendix A) Read the entire page →
From page 17... ... 10 Title Author Publication Year The Continued Transition to Electric Vehicles in U.S. Cities P Read the entire page →
From page 18... ... 11 Title Author Publication Year Supplement to the California ZEV Investment Plan: Cycle 1 Electrify America and Volkswagen Group of America. 2017 Transportation Energy Demand Forecast 2018 – 2030 California Energy Commission 2017 Electric Vehicle Survey Methodology and Assumptions: Driving Habits, Vehicle Needs, and Attitude towards Electric Vehicles in the Northeast and California Consumers Union and the Union of Concerned Scientists 2016 Electric vehicles revisited: a review of factors that affect adoption M Read the entire page →
From page 19... ... 12 Title Author Publication Year Exploring the Impact of High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lane Access on Plug-in Vehicle Sales and Usage in California G Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... 13 purchases as a result of future electric vehicle releases (Shepardson 2017; UCLA 2017; Voelcker 2016) Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... 14 ATVs represented 7.0% of the annual market share, while BEVs and FCEVs combined represented 2.5% of the market share. ATV market share is greatest in California, where they represented approximately 9.8% of all vehicles registered in the state between 2013 and 2018, and approximately 12% in 2018 alone. Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... 15 Figure 2. Light-Duty ATV Stock by Vehicle Type. Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... 16 Table 4. Drivers and Barriers to ATV Adoption. Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... 17 demand was expected to remain high for Tesla vehicles as of late 2018 (Consumer Reports 2019, Linnane 2018) Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... 18 driven by lack of charging infrastructure and additional requirements for long-distance trips (U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... 19 One of the most expansive levers in use as of 2019 is the California Zero-Emission Vehicle Regulations (ZEVR) Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... 20 • States that offer the largest tax credits to offset the price of ATVs in 2019 do not have the largest market share of ATVs. For example, as of 2019, Colorado offered the highest incentives for ATV purchases of any state, with incentives valued at approximately $7,500 for a BEV, but ATVs have a relatively low market share in that state (about 5% in 2018) Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... 21 • Battery costs continue to decline at a fast rate. Researchers have found that between 2010 and 2016, battery cost declined by 19.5% per year, and that costs will continue to decline by 9.7% per year between 2016 and 2025, and by 7.7% per year between 2025 and 2030 (Beacon Economics 2018) Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... 22 up to 12,500 stations at a cost of $197 M This pilot program places particular emphasis on disadvantaged communities, and up to 10% of total funding will be allocated to these communities (California Public Utilities Commission 2018, Beacon Economics 2018) Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... 23 to be driven by recharging availability, consumers' attitudes towards novel technologies, and vehicle-usage intensity. • Satisfying the demand for long-distance BEV charging facilities may not require substantial additional investment. Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... 24 Table 6. Summary of key factors affecting ATV adoption and their relative importance. Read the entire page →

From page 14...

... 7 CHAPTER 2 BRIEF LITERATURE REVIEW TO SUPPORT MODELING SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT 2.1 METHODOLOGY FOR LITERATURE REVIEW The objective of the literature review was to quickly gain insight into key factors affecting ZEV adoption, and how those could be represented by MA3T in our analysis. The objective of this literature review is not to complete a comprehensive review of all literature available; based on collaborative input from the panel, the research team identified approximately 30 resources that were well-suited to developing variables required by the MA3T model.