Incorporating the Costs and Benefits of Adaptation Measures in Preparation for Extreme Weather Events and Climate Change—Guidebook (2020) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 55-67
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From page 55... ...
55 Appropriate Level of Analysis Research suggests expecting or experiencing adverse weather events resulting in damage may be a key driver in resilience investment decisions. Yet, the majority of DOTs in the United States do not have formal criteria for determining if or when to do a CBA.
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From page 56... ...
56 Incorporating the Costs and Benefits of Adaptation Measures in Preparation for Extreme Weather Events and Climate Change -- Guidebook Selection of Alternatives and Analysis Time Frame Adaptation options are needed to address identified vulnerabilities in priority investments. Adaptations may be proposed to account for factors such as risk tolerance, performance, and technical feasibility.
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From page 57... ...
Resource Title Author/ Organization Modes Links Synthesis of Approaches for Addressing Resilience in Project Development (2017) FHWA Multimodal /Multi-Asset https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/ climate_change/adaptation/ongoing_and _current_research/teacr/index.cfm "Planning for Systems Management and Operations as Part of Climate Change Adaptation" (2013)
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58 Incorporating the Costs and Benefits of Adaptation Measures in Preparation for Extreme Weather Events and Climate Change -- Guidebook Resource Title Author/ Organization Modes Links NCHRP Project 15-61, "Applying Climate Change Information to Hydrologic and Hydraulic Design of Transportation Infrastructure" NCHRP Multi-Asset https://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProject Display.asp? ProjectID=4046 Table 11.
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Conducting a Cost-Benefit Analysis 59 are evaluated to meet the TAMP's extreme weather– and climate change–related goals. Figure 18 suggests how CBA can be incorporated into the planning process to help meet the TAMP's and STIP's goals.
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60 Incorporating the Costs and Benefits of Adaptation Measures in Preparation for Extreme Weather Events and Climate Change -- Guidebook Recurrence Intervals The recurrence intervals (RIs) of natural hazard events such as floods have to be determined and associated with levels of corresponding damages and losses to enable evaluation of the impacts of climate adaptations using CBA.
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Conducting a Cost-Benefit Analysis 61 145 185 136 330 686 260 115 146 105 206 220 125 185 145 25 40 15 26 1546 35 15 40 70 6 6 5 10 10 10 100 85 80 65 66 15 16 Figure 19. Estimated coastal flood recurrence intervals for Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey and New York (FEMA, 2013b)
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From page 62... ...
62 Incorporating the Costs and Benefits of Adaptation Measures in Preparation for Extreme Weather Events and Climate Change -- Guidebook • Climatological or rain gauge data. Since a 100-year rainfall event does not usually equate to a 100-year flood, climatological or rain gauge data for historic damage events need to be tied to flood RIs by a hydrologist or other qualified professional.
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From page 63... ...
Conducting a Cost-Benefit Analysis 63 Base and Alternative Cases Often in BCA, a "base case" is analyzed first for comparison of alternatives. The base case is not a "do-nothing" alternative.
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From page 64... ...
64 Incorporating the Costs and Benefits of Adaptation Measures in Preparation for Extreme Weather Events and Climate Change -- Guidebook shorter-lived alternatives are taken into account. Alternatively, salvage value, value beyond the term of the analysis, or both can be included as an annuity.
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From page 65... ...
Conducting a Cost-Benefit Analysis 65 is rising at a rate of 3.4 millimeters, or just over 1/8 inch, per year. Sea level change is not uniform everywhere; some locations experience sea level increases in excess of the global average, while other locations are experiencing decreases in sea levels.
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From page 66... ...
66 Incorporating the Costs and Benefits of Adaptation Measures in Preparation for Extreme Weather Events and Climate Change -- Guidebook design if it did not incorporate increased loads placed by increases in extreme heat. Increased system operating times might also increase GHGs released to the atmosphere; potential environmental impacts need to be considered when data are compiled for a CBA.
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From page 67... ...
Conducting a Cost-Benefit Analysis 67 cooling degree days traditionally used in engineering design can be estimated in the future to reflect possible extreme heat events, while accounting for humidity is more difficult because wet and dry bulb temperatures are not readily available in a format architects and engineers can use. In an attempt to address this concern, the Transportation Engineering Approaches to Climate Resilience project conducted a case study in Texas to evaluate the impacts of changes in temperature and moisture on transportation asset performance.
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