Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (2020) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 13-22
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From page 13... ...
. In the latter part of the 20th century, mice and rats rapidly replaced dogs in the laboratory, and rodents remain the preferred subjects for the majority of contemporary studies (Franco, 2013)
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, which USDA reporting requirements exclude. ORIGIN OF THIS STUDY Although the use of animals in biomedical research is regulated by federal laws and is subject to institutional oversight to ensure the humane use and care of laboratory animals, this practice remains a contentious issue and a focus of intense public scrutiny, particularly in the case of dogs.
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. In December 2017 the VA required all research projects using dogs to undergo a secondary review by the Office of the Chief Veterinary Medical Officer after the initial review by the local IACUC, followed by additional reviews by senior Veterans Health Administration managers (VHA, 2018)
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Public interest in and support for companion dog studies is generally high. The committee's recommendations rely heavily on the ability of the VA to move research from laboratory dogs to companion dogs where feasible as well as to find novel opportunities to engage in companion dog research where it would satisfy the VA's mission. 3.
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However, in light of comments received from the public before its first meeting and because of two resignations, two new members with experience as American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine board-certified veterinarians and with service on an institutional animal care and use committee, one member with animal research ethics and law experience, and two members with biomedical research experience were added to the committee. For more information about the National Academies study process, including definitions and procedures related to points of view and conflicts of interest, visit http://www.nationalacademies.org/studyprocess (accessed January 8, 2020)
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Information from the VA The VA submitted several documents to the committee during the course of the study, including information surrounding 14 biomedical research protocols. For each of the 14 protocols, the VA included the animal component of research protocol form, a secondary review form, and a summary of the literature search done by the Office of the Chief Veterinary Medical Officer.
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THE COMMITTEE'S INTERPRETATION OF ITS TASK In this study, the committee addressed the care and use of laboratory-housed dogs and not of privately-owned companion dogs enrolled in clinical trials. In accordance with the committee's charge, recommendations contained in this report focus on the committee's determination as to whether laboratory dogs are or will continue to be necessary for biomedical research conducted at or funded by the VA.
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In addressing the need to weigh the impact of laboratory dog research on the dog subject against its likely benefit to veterans, the committee elected to use the term "harm–benefit analysis." This decision was driven by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, which, in its Animal Component of Research Protocols documents, requires every researcher proposing to do an animal study to satisfy the need for a "harm–benefit analysis" with a description of "how these benefits [to the health of people, other animals, or society]
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2019. Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare report on the Office of Labora tory Animal Welfare site visits to the Veterans Affairs Medical Centers with focus on canine care and use in research.
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2017. For-cause review: Canine research studies and associated facility oversight.
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