The National Academies Press

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From page 7... ... B-1 EMERGING PMR PRACTICE SUMMARIES HYPER-PERFORMANCE MATERIALS Description High performance roadway materials are designed to have better strength, durability and/or workability properties than corresponding traditional materials. High performance roadway materials include many variants, with newer variations expected with advancements in nanotechnology. Read the entire page →
From page 8... ... B-2 Ultra-high performance concrete materials are cement-based, high-strength, ductile materials that have compressive strengths up to 29,000 psi and flexural strengths up to 7,000 psi. These materials have excellent durability properties exhibiting very little deterioration after standardized freeze-thaw tests and lower permeability. Read the entire page →
From page 9... ... B-3 As with any innovation, there will be a cost premium in the initial stages of deployment; however, with larger economies of scale, the material costs will decrease over time. In addition, there will be research needs to investigate the impacts of such materials on structural design, maintenance, repair and renewal needs, quality assurance requirements, standards, specifications and testing protocols, and long term performance. Read the entire page →
From page 10... ... B-4 STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING Description Structural health monitoring involves real-time continuous collection and monitoring of mechanistic responses (e.g. stresses, strains, displacements, etc.) Read the entire page →
From page 11... ... B-5 Drainage & Roadside: Structural health monitoring will facilitate accurate and easy monitoring and testing of stormwater conveyance systems and treatment/storage facilities and allow for automatic sampling of stormwater treatment facilities. Plausibility Networks of wireless structural health monitoring systems will be a radical advancement for highway agencies. Read the entire page →
From page 12... ... B-6 CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE MANAGEMENT (CXM) ANALYTICS Description Wikipedia defines customer experience management (CXM) Read the entire page →
From page 13... ... B-7 Transportation Systems Management and Operations (TSMO) : CXM analytics can be a valuable input into a winter maintenance decision support system or otherwise help to tailor a winter storm response to real-time public sentiment. Read the entire page →
From page 14... ... B-8 MACHINE LEARNING – ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR ASSET MANAGEMENT Description Machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence-based algorithms used in data analysis that allows computers to automatically learn from data. In the transportation realm, machine learning can be used to recognize patterns and trends, and gain insights from asset performance data that may otherwise have been lost in statistical variability, without the explicit need to program where and how to look for such patterns and trends. Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... B-9 Benefits of adaptive design based on data-driven models and utilizing Artificial intelligence (AI) learning will result in efficient, lighter weight structures that are more resilient and durable. Read the entire page →
From page 16... ... B-10 INTEGRATED BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (IBIM) FOR HIGHWAYS Description According to the U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 17... ... B-11 as undertaking safety improvements during pavement preservation or undertaking capacity improvements during pavement renewal. Structures: iBIM (or BrIM – Bridge Information Modeling) Read the entire page →
From page 18... ... B-12 information practice, and pertinent business processes and standards. Highway agencies should also recognize that iBIM systems are considered foundational to enable information transfers to and from other innovations, such as the IoT and Structural Health Monitoring systems. Read the entire page →
From page 19... ... B-13 ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS – PMR APPLICATIONS Description An enterprise information system is a unified system of computer applications specifically designed for an organization that provides a platform to integrate and streamline their business processes. Enterprise information systems allow highway agencies to organize their business requirements and processes toward a delivery-oriented structure to help achieve their organizational objectives efficiently. Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... B-14 management, maintenance, pavement management, bridge management, safety and mobility, to mitigate efficiency bottlenecks in workflows. Plausibility An enterprise information system is a big advancement to highway agencies. Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... B-15 CONNECTED VEHICLE APPLICATIONS TO SUPPLY REAL-TIME CONDITIONS INFORMATION Description The current principal focus of connected vehicle applications is on capitalizing on safety and mobility applications. But unlike other vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... B-16 Structures: Connected vehicle applications for long-term structures' PMR provide an opportunity for detecting certain deficiencies from the vehicle (such as deck cracking or roughness of pavement and joints, deck deflection, slippery conditions due to weather or skid resistance problems) Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... B-17 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE – PMR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS Description Artificial intelligence (AI) deals with the use of computer algorithms to solve real-world problems with an ability to analyze, reason, and learn from different situations, to acquire and retain knowledge, and to respond quickly and successfully to a new situation. Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... B-18 the capacity of agency workforces and to integrate AI into business processes. Furthermore, there is a need for research to tap the full potential of AI applications beyond traffic operations, especially in structural modeling, travel forecasting, and resource allocation decision making. Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... B-19 PREDICTIVE-PROACTIVE MAINTENANCE REGIME FOR ROADWAY ASSETS Description The value of preventive maintenance is in avoiding the need for more costly, reactive maintenance. The often overlooked "other side of the coin" is that preventive maintenance done too early wastes resources by not utilizing the full potential of an asset that is still in good condition. Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... B-20 Scale of Impact / Discipline Applications Pavement, Structures, Drainage & Roadside: The application of robust performance prediction models and availability of current time series field data, driven by expanding and innovative sources of mega-data (structural health monitoring, connected vehicles, non-destructive testing, remote sensing, etc.) can facilitate a more proactive preservation regime for pavement, structure, and drainage and roadside assets. Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... B-21 THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) – PMR APPLICATIONS Description The Internet of Things (IoT) Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... B-22 Structures: Similarly for bridges and other structures, information collected through an IoT can feed into a virtually endless array of useful applications for individual structures and on a network and corridor basis, including real-time inspection and condition reporting, facilitated routings and tracking of special permit loads (for size and weight) , and PMR activity decision making, among others. Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... B-23 SELF-DIAGNOSING/REPORTING AND WORK ORDERING Description A self-diagnosing, self-reporting and work ordering infrastructure is envisioned to function as an automatic system that continuously collects data on condition and performance, tracks usage of assets, monitors their structural and functional conditions using performance measures, recognizes if performance indicators move beyond their thresholds of acceptability, diagnoses causes for interventions, selects an appropriate treatment type and optimal timing of application, places a work order for carrying out the treatment or automatically self-performs the activity if self-correction systems are feasible and installed. Transformative Aspects and Benefits Typical PMR activities involve all the above-mentioned processes, from data collection to diagnosis to treatment selection to work ordering, but typically proceed in discrete steps, often falling under different organizational units responding to different priorities. Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... B-24 intermediate steps to successfully implement this system, but the technical plausibility for this innovation exists. This system's precursor technologies (real-time structural health and functional condition monitoring systems, smart materials (e.g. Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... B-25 PERPETUAL/LONG-LIFE HIGHWAY INFRASTRUCTURE Description The perpetual/long-life concept is aimed at constructing highway assets whose underlying physical elements last for extremely long periods of time with proper, periodic PMR treatments. This can mean pavements whose wearing surface occasionally needs surface milling and resurfacing, and filling and sealing of cracks, but whose underlying structure (subgrade and base courses) Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... B-26 (e.g., designing for future heavier and longer freight loads or platoons) Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... B-27 ADVANCED TSMO DEVICE AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS MAINTENANCE Description TSMO covers all aspects of managing and operating the use of roadways. It encompasses both operational management strategies themselves and the technologies applied, including the complete range of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... B-28 frequency basis, features compared using various types of pattern recognition analytics, performance visualized and predicted, and appropriate corrective routines identified. The platform used to manage and analyze data can also direct the deployment of remote sensing equipment (drones) Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... B-29 CONNECTED VEHICLE-TO-INFRASTRUCTURE (V2I) TECHNOLOGY PROVIDING COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN PASSING VEHICLES AND ROADSIDE UNITS Description The connected vehicle concept provides connectivity both among vehicles (V2V) Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... B-30 real-time with upstream warnings when infrastructure sensors detect heavily loaded vehicles approaching a structure or work zone. TSMO: Within work zones, connected vehicles can supply a continuous stream of V2I telematics for optimizing smart work zone operations and incident response. Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... B-31 AUTOMATED ENFORCEMENT FOR WORK ZONES Description Automated Enforcement for Work Zones promises to be a far-reaching innovation to improve safety in work zones. What began as an alternative to the expense and practicality of locating police officer vehicles or pull-off areas for manual speed enforcement, Automated Enforcement for Work Zones are evolving to include all aspects of smart work zones: • Speed enforcement – use of fixed or portable cameras that capture vehicle license plates and potentially driver images and issue citations through automated look-up of vehicle registration databases. Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... B-32 Plausibility As in the case of red light cameras, automated speed enforcement has generated public concerns about privacy, reliability of technology, and requires state/local legislation, although the applications in work zones appear to be more publicly acceptable. Capturing the payoffs from smart work zones networking with traveler information and traffic management depends on institutionalizing a more integrated approach within transportation agencies, as distinct from ad hoc individual project approaches, as well as integration of smart work zones into the state/regional systems architecture. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... B-33 CONSTRUCTION ROBOTICS Description Construction Robotics is an advanced form of automation that focuses on mechanizing construction processes with no or little human intervention. These processes and the automated equipment vary in scale and application -- from those worn or held by construction workers, to light- and heavy-duty equipment operated or supervised onsite or remotely, and used in inspection, testing, maintenance, repair, site preparation, fabrication, and assembly processes. Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... B-34 In total, the benefits are substantial. They include increased productivity, enhanced safety and lower risk exposure, automatic detection and fixing, reduced materials and workmanship defects, reduced consumption of natural resources and energy, and reduced costs for labor, motor fuel, and vehicle maintenance. Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... B-35 REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS – PMR APPLICATIONS Description Remote sensing system PMR applications fundamentally provide monitoring of: 1) conditions and performance that help in PMR activity decision making and 2) Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... B-36 can also provide information on pavement structural integrity to support PMR related decision making. Innovative remote sensing technologies indicate a significant breakthrough in the way highway agencies collects pavement condition data. Read the entire page →

From page 7...

... B-1 EMERGING PMR PRACTICE SUMMARIES HYPER-PERFORMANCE MATERIALS Description High performance roadway materials are designed to have better strength, durability and/or workability properties than corresponding traditional materials. High performance roadway materials include many variants, with newer variations expected with advancements in nanotechnology.