The Role of Advanced Technologies in Structural Engineering for More Resilient Communities Proceedings of a Workshop (2020) / Chapter Skim
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4 Innovative Technologies: Now and into the Future
4 Innovative Technologies: Now and into the Future
Pages 15-30
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From page 15... ...
Speakers included Jerome Lynch, Donald Malloure Department Chair of Civil Environmental Engineering at the University of Michigan; Daniel Hiller and Alexander Stolz, head of Strategic Management and head of the Department of Protective Structures and Security Technologies, respectively, at Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach Institute EMI, Germany; Maria Feng, Renwick Professor of Civil Engineering at Columbia University; Robert D Moser, senior research civil engineer in the Engineering Systems and Materials Division -- Research Group, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, U.S.
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SOURCE: Jerome Lynch. Emergent technologies can directly impact different dimensions or properties within this framework, said Lynch, including the growth of computing power, increased access to communication interfaces empowered by wireless communications, increased sensing technology, and the interconnectivity enabled by the internet.
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The purpose of this project is to monitor trucks to assess economic utilization, assess bridge and pavement health, and control truck loads to minimize their impact on infrastructure. Data is collected with wireless sensing, cameras, computer vision, and weigh-in-motion systems.
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Lynch stated that the autonomous vehicle technology and the ability to pair infrastructure response data with quantitative measurements directly impact two of the four properties of resilience. The autonomous capability improves response rapidity to disasters, and the ability to assess the properties of a structure with quantitative data enhances infrastructure robustness.
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An important turning point for civil engineering, said Stolz, came after the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center, as it became essential to ask how high-rise buildings could be designed and constructed to withstand this type of attack. A concept designed by the German engineering community, the Security Scraper, features a highly robust inner core that encloses vital supply lines and vertical escape routes, and is made impact-resistant through highperformance materials, such as concrete enriched with steel and propylene fiber.
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in detecting potentially threatened points in their urban area models." VITRUV runs multiple simulations and multiple scenarios rapidly to identify hot spots or city vulnerabilities during the planning phase of urban area development. Lastly, Hiller and Stolz presented their work on designing more comprehensive resilience solutions that connect the physical environment with underlying critical networks and supply grids.
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While this method has many benefits, two significant obstacles challenge the implementation of structural health monitoring technology: high system costs and low sensor data benefits. Feng and her team's research aims to overcome these barriers, including development of fiber-optic 5 The "Infrastructure Report Card" is a quadrennial publication of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
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For a large-scale structure, mobile computer vision could be used in the form of robots or drones. These robots could also conduct bridge repairs, and if they are equipped with microwave imaging sensors, could detect subsurface damage.
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Presentation given in Irvine, CA, September 26, 2017. Lastly, Feng emphasized the need to consider current bridge conditions conjointly with previously collected data.
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When these curves were updated with current monitoring data, the projected fragility increased. "If you don't consider the current condition, you could get a less conservative prediction of the future performance," stated Feng.
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INNOVATION IN DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE INFRASTRUCTURE: INSPECTION TECHNOLOGIES, SERVICE LIFE PREDICTION TOOLS, AND ADVANCED MATERIALS INTEGRATION Robert Moser presented on the United States Department of Defense's (DOD) approach to infrastructure innovation and the purposes of its science and technology initiatives.
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UAS can be mounted with multiple remote sensing systems that collect data and perform different structural interrogations; using sensor fusion technology multiple sensing modalities can be condensed into single data sets that provide information about the state of the infrastructure. Another method employs a type of infrasound technology, based on nuclear proliferation monitoring technology, which uses a structure's low frequency acoustic signatures to monitor that structure's behavior.
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Despite recent technological developments in structural engineering, a major problem is that these developments have not been completely transferred for implementation. As it pertains to infrastructure, Buyukozturk defined resilience with three components: safety, durability, and sustainability.
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Figure 4-7 shows experimental images and computational models of concrete with additives that were organized hierarchically from the atomistic representation to larger scale representations.
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The plausibility of the creation of a computational framework that could make this resilient material approach available to practitioners is increasing. To conclude, Buyukozturk emphasized that supplementing a certain percentage of concrete with waste material allows engineers to produce material similar to Portland concrete.
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Although modeling that accounts for material variation and environmental impact is much more complex than modeling a finite element analysis, Buyukozturk said his framework enables these considerations to be factored through the tool. Furthermore, the effects of temperature can also be incorporated into this model.
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