Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation Exploring New Evidence: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief (2020) / Chapter Skim
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Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation: Exploring New Evidence: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation: Exploring New Evidence: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
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Noting that the workshop included topics broadly related to maternal dietary issues, including nutritional status and dietary supplement use, Nancy Potischman of the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health thought it was well aligned with ODS's mission "to strengthen knowledge and understanding of dietary supplements." Next, Heather McMillan of Health Canada explained that she viewed the workshop as an opportunity to identify knowledge gaps, which, if filled, could inform future nutrition policy.
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When asked how women can meet their omega-3 fatty acid needs, Makrides thought that omnivorous women consuming at least one fatty-fish-containing meal per week would likely be replete and that the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendation of 8–12 ounces of fish per week would probably be sufficient. Rajavel Elango of The University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children's Hospital discussed new evidence that challenges existing protein Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)
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are exposed to conditions that could induce oxidative stress. Using data from a cohort of approximately 500 pregnant women in Nebraska, Hanson's group found disparities in antioxidant status: living in a food desert, using public insurance, being non-white, and having some degree of food insecurity were each related to lower antioxidant status.
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The majority of pregnant and lactating women report using dietary supplements, but this varies by age, race and ethnicity, income level, and stage of gestation. Micronutrient doses are incredibly variable across the supplements that they use, noted Bailey.
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There are several challenges in assessing human milk composition, including uncertainty about how best to collect the samples, how to analyze the samples properly, and what maternal characteristics need to be considered for correct interpretation. Allen's lab developed efficient analytic techniques and approaches to analyze breastmilk composition.
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Similarly, the Study of Women, Infant Feeding, and Type 2 Diabetes After GDM4 Pregnancy, a prospective longitudinal cohort of women with gestational diabetes, found a strong inverse association between breastfeeding duration and intensity with incidence of type 2 diabetes up to 2 years after delivery, independent of prenatal glucose tolerance, perinatal outcomes, and behavioral risk factors. Gunderson said that these findings suggest breastfeeding may have stronger metabolic consequences to lower the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases than previously appreciated.
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improving maternal diets to improve breastmilk composition. Myatt indicated that key targets should be obesity and gestational diabetes, as they are pervasive in the population and they both affect the placenta.
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She noted that evidence has emerged in several key areas, including protein and energy needs, onecarbon metabolism micronutrients, developmental origins of health and disease, obesity, gestational diabetes, and health equity. She highlighted some crosscutting themes, such as issues related to biomarkers and physiological adjustments; supplements' need, dose, form, interaction with baseline status, and bioavailability; the concept of a reproductive continuum from the prepregnancy through postpartum periods; and the issues of developmental origins of adult health and disease.
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, University of Massachusetts Amherst Patrick Catalano, Tufts School of Medicine Erica P Gunderson, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Tamera Hatfield, University of California, Irvine Deborah O'Connor, University of Toronto Angela Odoms-Young, University of Illinois at Chicago Emily Oken, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute REVIEWERS: To ensure that it meets institutional standards for quality and objectivity, this Proceedings of a Workshop -- in Brief was reviewed by Stephanie Atkinson, McMaster University; Carol Dreibelbis, 1,000 Days; and Justine Kavle, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health.
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