The Impacts of Racism and Bias on Black People Pursuing Careers in Science, Engineering, and Medicine Proceedings of a Workshop (2020) / Chapter Skim
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3 Notes on History, Myth, and Race in U.S. Medical Practice, 16192020
3 Notes on History, Myth, and Race in U.S. Medical Practice, 16192020
Pages 15-22
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From page 15... ...
• Many men and women of African descent were skilled health care providers or innovative researchers, often not receiving credit for their contributions. • The Flexner Report, published in 1910 with support from the American Medical Association, severely curtailed access to medical training for African Americans under the guise of modernization of the profession.
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6) , "racial and ethnic disparities in health care occur in the context of broader historic and contemporary social and economic inequality and evidence of persistent racial and ethnic discrimination in many sectors of American life." As she described in her presentation: • Historical patterns of approach to "Black diseases" subtly inform today's approach to racially disparate disease patterns; • Abusive, stigmatizing research has fed iatrophobia (fear of doctors)
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When a bad outcome did occur, Black health care providers often had to provide character witnesses to avoid being accused of poisoning a patient. In the 1800s, African American men could attend medical school but not earn a degree, and the American Medical Association (AMA)
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Twentieth-century examples include heart researchers Vivien Thomas and Hamilton Naki, chemist Percy Julien, and many others. Earlier examples include Onesimus, who provided Cotton Mather with knowledge about smallpox vaccinations, and James McCune Smith, who went to Scotland for his medical education and, among other accomplishments, disproved the claim from the 1840 U.S.
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From page 19... ...
Another frequently mentioned example is Solomon McBride, who conducted abusive research studies at Holmesburg Prison in Pennsylvania, but he was a prison official and not a physician. As an example of a more recent manifestation of the tendency to devalue African Americans in research, Ms.
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I very much hope we see more Black people going into medical ethics. HEALTH CARE AS A RIGHT IN THE UNITED STATES Mythologies related to medicine can also foment disparities.
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Washington expanded the conversation to consider allocations of all scarce resources in a health care setting. "There are always criteria and policies that look neutral and may be intended to be neutral but they are not," she said.
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2002. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care.
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