The National Academies Press

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Pages 44-63

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From page 44... ... 44 Characteristics and Elements of an Effective Employee Safety Reporting System The background research and case studies revealed both a framework for the development and implementation of an ESR system and the characteristics and elements of effective ESR systems. The program design framework addressed below can be used to establish an ESR system, and the characteristics and elements of successful ESR systems are examined through the lens of this framework. Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... Characteristics and Elements of an Effective Employee Safety Reporting System 45 December 2016. The 2017 annual report Oil and Gas Production Safety System Events120 summarized the first full year of reporting shared with the industry. Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... 46 Characteristics and Elements of Nonpunitive Employee Safety Reporting Systems for Public Transportation • Gathering and maintaining data in a robust information ESR system platform and providing ongoing program evaluation and support based on that data; • Establishing, promoting, and training management, employees, and CBUs on the internal and external communication strategies developed; • Establishing routine and periodic process improvement strategies that include employee feedback, program evaluation, system safety trends, and improvements made as a result of employee reporting; and • Ensuring that the structure developed includes specific strategies and processes that will promote procedural fairness, as defined in this report, across management and labor. FTA's Close Call Reporting System Implementation Plan122 provides an excellent structure for a nonpunitive ESR system and reflects the framework components listed above. Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... Characteristics and Elements of an Effective Employee Safety Reporting System 47 Definitions of Close Call, Near Miss, and Other Terms of Relevance The seminal point in the development and execution of any formal close call reporting system is defining the terms that will be used to identify qualifying events. The terms "close call" and "near miss" are often used interchangeably, as demonstrated by the case study sites and in the literature review. Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... 48 Characteristics and Elements of Nonpunitive Employee Safety Reporting Systems for Public Transportation Delineation of Reportable Events After the transit agency has defined what is considered a close call or near miss event, the next step is delineating the specific events that are considered reportable and communicating that delineation across the transit agency. This delineation may also provide the steps that reporters must take to report events that may pose immediate threats versus those that may not. Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... Characteristics and Elements of an Effective Employee Safety Reporting System 49 Transit agencies generally provide summaries of reports submitted and their progress during monthly or other regularly scheduled safety meetings. At TriMet, employees and reporters can track the progress of submitted reports through the Status Summary Report available on the agency's intranet site. Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... 50 Characteristics and Elements of Nonpunitive Employee Safety Reporting Systems for Public Transportation The use of a third party, as previously noted, is not required for the successful implementation and management of an ESR system. However, this option may present an opportunity for transit agencies that do not have the internal capacity to establish, maintain, and manage these ESR systems. Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... Characteristics and Elements of an Effective Employee Safety Reporting System 51 a minimum, a transit agency should conduct initial surveys during the design period, after any beta testing that might occur, after the initial training or promotion has occurred, after initial implementation, and then routinely after full implementation. Along with this input, and to inform frontline workers of program benefits, the need for their input, and its value to the agency, transit agencies should make reporting the successes generated through the program a matter of routine. Read the entire page →
From page 52... ... 52 Characteristics and Elements of Nonpunitive Employee Safety Reporting Systems for Public Transportation Common Characteristics and Elements of Effective Employee Safety Reporting Systems The 19 public transportation agencies in this study found varying degrees of success in the design, implementation, and ongoing management of their ESR systems. The research team identified common practices from these case study participants, including • Participation of the local CBU in the design, implementation, investigation, and corrective action processes. Read the entire page →
From page 53... ... Characteristics and Elements of an Effective Employee Safety Reporting System 53 agencies with multiple avenues for reporting and one that provides only a single method of reporting are described below. LA Metro has a single online submittal method, the SAFE-7 form. Read the entire page →
From page 54... ... 54 Characteristics and Elements of Nonpunitive Employee Safety Reporting Systems for Public Transportation To appeal hazard mitigation measures that employees feel are inadequate, MBTA encourages employees to use the ESR system again to clarify the hazard and report a mitigation measure as ineffective. Additionally, if employees consider themselves in danger from the inadequately mitigated safety hazard, they may issue a good faith challenge. Read the entire page →
From page 55... ... Characteristics and Elements of an Effective Employee Safety Reporting System 55 • Number of reports per month, • Customer complaints, • Open versus closed report status, • Average days to closure, and • Target closure date. In addition to the performance metrics related to report volume and status, there are also performance metrics related to the description of the hazard or event and possible contributing factors that are reported, including • Hazard/event classification, • Reports by area (facility, equipment, system, security) Read the entire page →
From page 56... ... 56 Characteristics and Elements of Nonpunitive Employee Safety Reporting Systems for Public Transportation prescribed detailed process. In addition, reporters should feel confident that they are protected and that their concerns are being addressed in a timely manner. Read the entire page →
From page 57... ... Characteristics and Elements of an Effective Employee Safety Reporting System 57 LTD's nonpunitive reporting activities, including reporting methods, follow-up activities, data collection, and development and tracking of corrective actions to eliminate or mitigate issues reported, are outlined in two policies and LTD's CBA with Amalgamated Transit Union (ATU) Local 757. Read the entire page →
From page 58... ... 58 Characteristics and Elements of Nonpunitive Employee Safety Reporting Systems for Public Transportation learn of the resolution through Safety Committee reports or directly from his or her division manager. MDT consistently performs report follow-up activities and has an ongoing process and program evaluation function. Read the entire page →
From page 59... ... Characteristics and Elements of an Effective Employee Safety Reporting System 59 employs the anonymous reporting option provided by Navex Global, are using a third party to collect, analyze, report, or maintain safety data. The background research examined the experience of industries that use third parties and the associated benefits. Read the entire page →
From page 60... ... 60 Characteristics and Elements of Nonpunitive Employee Safety Reporting Systems for Public Transportation a form of refresher training and have been effective in preparing employees for the transition to the online form. LA Metro's SAFE-7 pamphlet is an explanatory tool that guides employees through the online ESR system and contains a section of questions and answers to resolve the most typical doubts an employee might have regarding the completion of the form. Read the entire page →
From page 61... ... Characteristics and Elements of an Effective Employee Safety Reporting System 61 To proactively identify and address potential hazards, MTA provides employees with an SMS card (Figure 11) that outlines the frontline employee's role: to work safely and wear proper personal protection equipment; remain compliant with procedures and regulations; and report hazards, safety concerns, or safety suggestions. Read the entire page →
From page 62... ... 62 Characteristics and Elements of Nonpunitive Employee Safety Reporting Systems for Public Transportation Team (BOCIT) Read the entire page →
From page 63... ... Characteristics and Elements of an Effective Employee Safety Reporting System 63 maintenance, Metromover maintenance, track maintenance, power, labor relations, and safety and security. The committee was actively involved in the development of the Report of Safety Concern form. Read the entire page →

From page 44...

... 44 Characteristics and Elements of an Effective Employee Safety Reporting System The background research and case studies revealed both a framework for the development and implementation of an ESR system and the characteristics and elements of effective ESR systems. The program design framework addressed below can be used to establish an ESR system, and the characteristics and elements of successful ESR systems are examined through the lens of this framework.